history eoy exams Flashcards
what were Clemenceau’s aims for the ToV?
he wanted to: cripple Germany so that it could not attack again, he wanted the armed force to be dramatically reduced, the borders be pushed back to the Rhine in Eastern Germany. he wanted Germany to be more vulnerable so that France was strong in comparison and Germany would not have the guts to invade again
what were Lloyd George’s aims for the ToV?
the people of Britain wanted revenge, but Lloyd George was more cautious than clemenceau. he was worried that Germans would start anther war if treated to harshly. he also wanted Germany to stay strong to be a strong trading partner. he saw the treaty as an opportunity to gain some of Germanies colonies and put restrictions on the German navy to prevent the German navy rivalling Britains army
what were Wilson’s aims for the ToV?
America had not been too badly affected by WW1, so the American population didnt see a reason for revenge. Wilson was also worried about having harsh restrictions in case Germany causes another war like Lloyd George. he suggested the formation of the League of Nations. he also wanted self determination (countries could rule themselves), and freedom of the seas(everyone can sail trading ships wherever they want). this was part of his fourteen point program
how much land did Germany loose(%) in the ToV?
10% - inluding Alsace Lorraine, which was returned to France; Eupen and Malmedy, which was given to Belgium; and North Schleswig, which was given to Denmark
how many men was Germany allowed in the army?
100,000 - no conscription
what restrictions were put on the navy?
15,000 men, 1500 officers and 6 battleships. the size and number of other ships was limited too
what was Germany not allowed (military-wise)?
tanks, submarines, an airforce
what strip of land had been demilitarized?
The Rhineland
how satisfied was david lloyd george?
the people of britain were happy so lloyd george was treated like a hero - thought it couldve been harsher. lloyd george was happy that the british empire gained colonies and britain was able to have the best navy without competition. lloyd george was worried it was too harsh and could lead to war again
what were the strengths of the league of nations
- many members
- economic sanctions and moral condemnation was frightening to smaller countries
- (almost) all the countries involved in world war 1 had to sign because of the peace treaties
- they successfully dealed with upper silesia and the aland islands
what were the weaknesses of the league of nations
- no USA, germany (until september 1926), russia (until 1934)
- no military
- decisions had to be unanimous so it took a ling time
how much was silk from japan worth in 1932 compared to 1920?
one fith
what year was the washington naval agreement
1922
when was the explosion on the railway in mukden?
18th september 1931
which army invaded manhuria
kwantung
what did japan rename manchuria?
manchukuo
who did they put in charge of manchuria in 1931 as a puppet ruler?
pu yi (an ex chinese emperor - thrown out in 1911)
when did china ask for help from the LoN
1932 march
when did lord lytton arrive and when was his report published
1932 - april
1932 - october
when did japan leave the LoN
feb 1933
why did japan invade manchuria
- silk was loosing is value and they needed more natural resources like the ones in manchuria (iron ore)
- they’re geographically close together
- there was a history of confusion of who owned it (russia, japan, china) and chinese power was weakening
- distract their people from the domestic problems within japan
- the army was getting stronger after the naval agreement because the military no longer trusted the government to protect the country.
what did the league do in manchuria
they sent lord lytton to write a report a year after it began and it concluded what they already knew
why was the league hesitant to react to manchuria
- many thought japan already owned manchuria
- china and japan were far away
- chose to believe japan to not get involved
- china was disorganised so some thought japan being there would help bring order to china
why didnt they use military/economic sanctions in manchuria
- too far to send military
- main trading partner was the USA so it woudnt make a difference
what were the consequenes of the manchurian crisis
everyone saw how little power the league of nations had, and how easily japan left and continued to do what it wanted
why did italy invade abyssinia
- mussolini promised he’d rebuild the ancient roman empire
- he thought invasion would be easy - he already had somaliland and eritea
- natural resources
- seen the league fail in corfu and fail in manchuria
- france wanted to keep italy as an ally
what happened at wal wal and when?
december 1934 - italian soldiers ‘clashed’ with Abyssinians. 150 abyssinians dead, 2 italians
what happened in january 1935
pierre laval (french foreign minister) met with mussolini and made secret agreements. promised not to interfere with abyssinia and told him to deal with abyssinia however they see fit.
when did italian troops enter abyssinia?
3rd october 1935
when did italy take the capitol of abyssinia
5th may 1936
what did the league of nations do in abyssinia?
- trade sanctions against weapons but not coal (british workers) and not oil (usa and ussr)
-put trade sanctions to abyssinia despite them not doing anything wrong
when did italy leave the LoN
May 1936
when did hiter march into the rhineland
7th march 1936
how many soldiers did hitler march into the rhineland
22,000
how did the civilians of the rhineland react to the invasion
they gave them flowers
what did hitler use as an excuse to reoccupy the rhineland
he claimed to be svared that he had enemies on the eastern and western front
what were the consequences of the remilitarisation of the rhineland
- france began to not trust britain to defend them
- hitler gained the respect of mussolini
- hitler got the chance to send his men to fight in the spanish civil war, so he could test his weapons and his men could experience war
- hitler got confident in defying the treaty of versailles
when was the nazi-soviet pact signes
august 23, 1939
when did germany invade poland
september 1, 1939
when did germany take over the sudetenland
1938
when did the police rais nazi headquaters?
jan 1938
what plans did the police find when they raided the nazi headquaters in austria
plans to overthrow schuschnigg
schuschnigg met with hitler and was forced to…?
- appoint seyss-inquart (german solicitor) as a minister with power of police
- lift restrictions on nazis
- place nazis in roles of finance and war
what happened on the 11h march 1938
hitler demanded the plebicite to be post poned and forced schuschnigg to resign
the next day they invaded and were met with flowers
when was the plebicite held and what were the results
10 april 1938, 99%
