elizabeth part 3 Flashcards
when did mary become queen of scotland?
1542 (she was 8 days old)
when did mary qos marry her first husband?
1558
who was mary qos second husband?
Loed Darnley
when did mary flee to england?
1568
where was mary kept in captivity?
first in carlisle castle then bolton castle
did they plan on killing queen elizabeth in the northern plot?
no, they just wanted to set mary up as an heir
why did the northern rebellion not go to plan?
robert dudley was helping the duke of norfolk because he wanted to restrict william cecil’s power, but he ended up being to guilty and confessed the plan
what was the plan for the rodolfi plot?
roberto di ridolfi was an italian who lived in london
6000 spanish men were supposed to land at harwich, where they would lead a rebellion and assasinate the queen
when was norfolk beheaded?
1572
why was elizabeth indecisive to execute the duke of Norfolk?
he was the only duke in England and he was her cousin
what was the plan in the throkmorton plot?
a french catholic force backed by the spanish and papal money would invade england, mary would be freed from house arrest and a catholic uprising involving jesuits, seminary preists and the rest of the english catholic population
why didnt throckmorton work?
walsingham discovered the plot before it could happen
what plot inspired the bond of association?
the throckmorton plot
what was the bond of association?
anyone associated with the assassination of the monarch couldn’t benefit from it in any way
where was mary moved after the throckmorton plot?
the ruined tutbury castle in staffordshire then to a moated manor house called chartley hall in late 1585
who would intercept the letters in the babington plot?
Gilbert Gifford
who decoded the letters in the babington plot?
Thomas Phelippes
when did mary write her fatal letter?
17th july 1586
when was sir anthony babington executed?
september 1586
when and where was mary executed?
8th february 1587 at fotheringhay castle
when did elizabeth write the death warrant for mary?
1st february 1587 - but she told her secretary not to seal it, but the privy council ignored this and mary was executed
who was elizabeth’s secretary and what happened to him after the death warrant thing?
he was William Davison, he was imprisoned in the tower of london
what did elizabeth do to cecil after mary’s death warrant scandal?
he was banished for 6 months
when was mary queen of scots found guilty?
25th october 1586
when did drake lead the ‘singeingthe king of spains beard’ and what was it?
in 1587, it was when he destroyed dozens of spanish ships in the port of Cadiz
how did Elizabeth help the protestant dutch in their uprise against their spanish rule before 1585?
she sent money, allowed english volunteers to go and fight, and she allowed rebel ships to use english ports. this was all unofficial help
who was the dutch rebellion leader?
william ‘the silent’ of orange
when was the treaty of nunshuch signed?
1585
what did the treaty of nonsuch mean?
there was a formal alliance between the dutch and England, so England sent 7000 troops under dudley’s command to support the rebellion. spain and england were officially at war with each other
how many ships were part of the spanish armada?
151
how many ships got back to spain after the armada?
65 out of the 151
who lead the spanish side of the armada?
duke of medina sidonia - a bad choice because of his lack of ability, chosen because of his rank
who lead the english side of the armada?
Lord Howard, the queens cousin and Lord High Admiral. he was assisted by Francis Drake and John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher, who were all very experienced
how many people were in the english army for the armada?
20,000
how many people were in the spanish side of the armada?
34,000
how many battleships did england have?
34
how many ships was england able to gather to fight the armada?
200 - from private owned and trading company ships
what kind of guns did the english use in the armada?
culverins, which were light and accurate long-range guns
who had the better ships in the armada?
the english - they were faster and more manoeuvrable
when did the spanish get to the dutch coast?
august 6th 1588
when did the spanish armada first try to set sail?
may 1588, but had to turn back due to storms
what tactic did the english use on the spanish when they were waiting off the dutch coast?
fireships, a plan by francis drake, which terrified the spanish and scattered them out of their formation
when did the english use the fireships?
august 7th
when was the battle of gravelines?
8th of august
how many spanish lives were lost at the battle of gravelines?
~1000
how many english lives were lost at the battle of gravelines?
0
how many spanish ships were lost at the battle of gravelines?
5, and many were badly damaged
what did Elizabeth do to encourage her troops at the battle of gravelines?
she visited her troops at tilbury on horseback dressed in armour, and made a speech
how many spanish lives were lost in total in the armada?
around 20,000
what were the winds that pushed the spanish into the north sea nicknamed?
the protestant winds
