elizabeth part 2 Flashcards
who were paupers?
those without work, they relied on charity to survive
why did henry vii limit the right of nobles to hold private armies and what did it cause?
he feared the armies were a threat to his throne, but it left many soldiers without work
what did the reformation cause?
Henry viii closed monasteries so monks, nuns, and other church employees were left without work. no monasteries also meant sick and poor had no help
what caused the collapse of the cloth trade?
economic problems under henry viii and edward vi
what years had bad harvests?
1594-1598
what did the bad harvests cause?
food shortages and starvation, increased prices (inflation)
what was enclosure?
public lands becoming private for sheep farming
why did enclosure cause poverty?
fewer workers were needed, and the removal of common land meant poorer people had no where for their animals to graze
where did unemployed farm workers go to look for work?
cities and towns
how much did the population rise under elizabeth?
from 2.8million to 4 million
who did the increased population give power to?
landlords, who raised the prices of rent (called rent racking)
when was there an outbreak of the flu?
1556
how many people were killed in the flu outbreak?
200,000 people, including farm worjers
what were the two labels for the poor?
the deserving and undeserving poor ( or the impotent and idle poor)
when did henry the eighth dissolve the monestaries?
the 1530s
who were the deserving (or impotent) poor?
those who were too young, sick, or old to work or those who were unable to provide for themselves
who were the deserving (or idle) poor?
those who the elizabethans believed were too lazy to work and were petty criminals
when did Thomas Harman write his book?
1567
what was Thomas Harman’s book called?
Warning against Vagabonds
who wrote ‘Warning Against Vagabonds’?
Thomas Harman
who were Anglers?
Idle poor who carried a long stick which they used to steal clothes from people’s washing lines at night
what was canting?
the coded language that Harman claimed the idle poor spoke
what was a ruffler?
someone who dressed up as an army officer but actually robbed people at sword point and was part of the idle poor
what was a clapperdudgeon?
the idle poor who pretended to be badly injured by using arsenic to make their skin bleed and wrapping their arms and legs in bloody rags
how could a doxy be spotted?
by always wearing a needle in her hat and carrying a pack full of her stolen goods
why did many pretend to be ill?
to gain sympathy
what did counterfeit cranks do?
dressed up in old, dirty clothes and they pretender to have epileptic fits, using soap to make themselves foam at the mouth
what did Abraham men do?
they would pretend to be mad ad walk around half naked while making strange wailing sounds
what risk did the idle poor pose on local governments?
they risked the social hierarchy breaking down
did vagabonds travel alone or as a group?
typically as a group (so they were intimidating)
when were the major outbreaks of the plague?
1563, 1583 to 1586, and 1590 to 1593
what was the name of another author who exaggerated the issue of the idle poor?
William Harrison
what did the baretop tricksters do?
they were women who would trick men into following them by removing clothing, then getting her accomplices to to beat and rob them
what is an example of a man who pretended to be mad and what would he do?
Tom O’Bedlam, he might stick a chicken head in his ear or bark like a dog
what did Elizabeth do to slow down inflation that was planned by Mary?
the recoinage, which helped slow it down for a time
what did the statute of artificers do?
put a wage limit on skilled workers
when was the statute of artificers passed?
1563
what did the act on husbandry and tillage do?
attempted to slow the trend of enclosure to protect rural jobs
when was the act on husbandry and tillage passed?
1598
what were the laws about the poor people from the 1495?
beggars were punished in the stocks or send back to their home towns
what were the laws about the poor people from 1531?
- beggars were publicly whipped
- those caught a second time will have a hole in burned in their ear
- if caught a third time you would be hanged
what did the act for setting the poor on work do?
placed the responsibility on local governments
when did the act on setting the poor on work pass?
1576
how did london deal with the poor?
- bridewall palace was used as a shelter for the homeless
- bedlam hospital was built to house the mentally ill
- other hospitals were opened for the sick and orphans
- conditions in all these institutions were bad and they couldn’t cope with the growing population
how did york deal with the poor?
- in 1515 the city authority issued beggar licenses
- from 1528 a Master beggar was appointed to keep the others in order
- if beggars refused to work they were sent to the house of correction
how did Ipswich deal with the poor?
- introduced a licensing system for beggars from 1569
- opened a hospital specifically to help the old and sick
- a youth training scheme was introduced to help the children learn a trade and escape poverty
how did norwich deal with the poor?
- after a survey showed that 80% of the population lived in poverty in 1570, the city authorities seperated the poor into the idle poor and the unfortunate poor
- the idle poor were given work such as knitting or sewing
- the unfortunate poor were given food and other forms of care
- rich citizens were taxed to pay for the care of the vulnerable
what was st bartholomew’s hospital for?
the sick (physically sick im guessing)
what was st thomas’ hospital for?
the elderly
what was Christ’s hospital for?
orphans
what years were legislations about the poor passed before the poor law?
1563, 1572, and 1576
when was a Poor Law passed?
1597
when was a poor law amended?
1601
what was the poor law known as in full?
the At for the Relief of the Poor
what did the Poor Law state?
- everyone had to pay a local poor rate (tax), would be fined or imprisoned if you didn’t pay
- each parish had to appoint four overseers of the poor
- almshouses were provided for the old and ill to live in and they could recieve money, food, and clothing
what did the overseers of the poor do?
they would ensure that orphans had apprenticeships and provide tools and stock of raw materials for the able-bodied poor to work with in the houses of industries, with wages paid out of the poor rate
how did the 1576 law classify the poor?
the deserving poor who were too ill, old, or young to work
the able-bodied poor who genuinely couldn’t find work
the idle poor who were criminals and vagabonds
what was used to describe Elizabeths reign other than the ‘golden age’?
the age of discovery
when was Sir Walter Raleigh given royal permission to explore the Americas?
1584
what land was Sir Walter Raleigh allowed to colonise in the americas?
any land that was not owned by a Christian
what did sir Walter Raleigh give to the queen in return for permission to explore america?
one fifth of all the gold and silver he found
how was exploration possible?
- defences: better weapons such as cannons made it easier to explore hostile territory
- technology: better designed ships were faster because of their triangular lateen sail
- navigation: the astrolabe allowed the sailors to judge their positions and more accurate compasses made navigation easier
