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conflict and tension part three Flashcards

only 8.5 - chap 9, add 7 + rest of 8 later + make sure to add 8.7

1
Q

where was the Sudetenland?

A

in Czechoslovakia on the border by Germany - home to forts, railways, and industries - useful for war effort

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2
Q

what did many factories in the Sudetenland produce?

A

glass and lignite ( a type of coal) which could be used to build tanks and other weapons

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3
Q

how many people could speak German in the Sudetenland?

A

3 million (~20%)

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4
Q

what did Hitler use as an excuse to get the sudetenland?

A

the german-speaking population of the Sudetenland claimed they were being persecuted by the Czechs and were starting riots - so Hitler stepped in to ‘save’ them

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5
Q

why was owning the Sudetenland a good strategic move?

A

easy to launch an attack on Czechoslovakia from it

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6
Q

how was owning the Sudetenland part of overturning the ToV?

A

Czechoslovakia had been set up in the ToV so Hitler saw taking the Sudetenland to be a way of ‘righting’ the ‘wrongs’ of the Treaty

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7
Q

what were the four main reasons Hitler targeted the Sudetenland?

A
  • it was set up in the ToV
  • had factories
  • home to many German speakers
  • strategically placed
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8
Q

when did Hitler make it clear he was willing to fight for the Sudetenland?

A

May 1938

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9
Q

what would France and Britain be obligated to do if Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia?

A

they would have to declare war and protect Czechoslovakia

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10
Q

why did Britain and France not want Hitler to invade Czechoslovakia?

A

they didn’t want to declare war

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11
Q

when did Chamberlain meet with Hitler and where?

A

15th September 1938, in Berchtesgaden (Hitler’s holiday home)

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12
Q

what did Chamberlain agree to with Hitler at Berchtesgaden?

A

he agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland as long as all his actions were peaceful (appeasement) - he then met with the Czechs and forced them to agree

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13
Q

when did Chamberlain return to Germany to meet with Hitler for a second time and where?

A

on the 22nd September 1938, at Bad Godesberg

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14
Q

what were Hitler’s new demands (ab Sudetenland) at the bad godesberg?

A

wanted the Sudetenland handed over by 1st October and insisted that Hungary and Poland should receive Czech land, Hitler promised peace in Europe in return for the sudetenland

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15
Q

where did Chamberlain and Daladier attend to accept Hitler’s demands?

A

the Munich conference

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16
Q

why were Chamberlain and Daladier happy about the Munich conference?

A

they believed they had prevented war, and that Czechoslovakia’s borders were safe, so B+F upheld their promise to protect it from Hitler

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17
Q

who was the french president during the munich conference?

A

daladier

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18
Q

when did Hitler march his troops into the Sudetenland?

A

the 10th of October 1938

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19
Q

had the Czech gov been consulted ab the Munich agreement?

A

no

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20
Q

how did the people living in the Sudetenland react to Hitler’s occupation of it?

A

the German Sudetens greeted the nazis with flowers but the Czech Sudetens were fearful

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21
Q

what did the USSR think of the munich agreement?

A
  • Stalin felt betrayed and angry that he wasn’t involved in the munich agreement
  • worried that Hitler was getting closer to countries that USSR had close relationships with and was questioning what he could do to prevent an invasion- and didn’t think Britain or France would be a part of that plan
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22
Q

when was the munich agreement?

A

30th september 1938

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23
Q

what did Hitler and chamberlain sign the day after the Munich agreement?

A

they signed an Anglo-German declaration - they agreed that they would never go to war against each other

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24
Q

what did Chamberlain claim he had achieved at the munich conference?

A

‘peace in our time’

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25
why was the invasion of czechoslovakia significant?
- it was the first time Hitler invaded a country he had no claim in - Czechoslovakia was a strong country - Britain and France had alienated the USSR and lost a valuable ally against Hitler - Hitler broke the promises he made at the Munich conference and in the Anglo-German declaration - Chamberlain had to admit that appeasement had failed - Chamberlain promised Poland, which looked to be Hitler's next target that Britain would guarantee its independence
26
what were the arguments for appeasement?
- ToV was too harsh - Hitler should be allowed to overturn parts - ww1 still fresh, didn't want another war - hitler kept telling the British that he was a man of peace (and they believed him) - many of hitler's actions gave people what they wanted - Anschluss pleased 99% of Austrians so it was democratically right to unite them - the people of Britain didn't want war and voted against military action - the depression meant B+F couldn't afford war - had to deal with their own problems - threat of communism - strong Germany prevented spread of communism from USSR - Britain wasn't ready for war and needed to buy time to fully rearm - the USA signed two neutrality acts in 1930s saying they wouldn't get involved if Europe went to war, so B+F left to fend for themselves
27
what were the arguments against appeasement?
- people misjudged hitler, they thought he was reasonable but he wasn't and they should've known better - people missed opportunities to stop hitler - the more Hitler was given, the more confident he became and the more he took - appeasement was morally wrong; it left countries like Austria and Czechoslovakia occupied by the nazis who treated people brutally with no mercy - political games should not have been played at the expense of these people's lives - the appeasers forced Czechoslovakia to back down to hitler, but with a little support, Hitler could've been stopped - appeasement alienated the USSR - the USSR didn't feel that it could rely on Britan and France if Hitler invaded but B+F needed USSR if wore broke out
28
when was the peace ballot and what was the result?
1934 - people voted that they had faith in LoN and they didn't want to resort to military action
29
what was hitler's next step for lebensraum after Austria and Czechoslovakia?
Poland
30
who was the foreign minister of Germany in 1939?
Joachim von Ribbentrop
31
when was the Nazi-soviet pact signed?
23rd August 1939
32
why did Stalin feel that he couldn't trust his old allies?
- joined LoN and saw how weak it was - France + USSR signed an agreement that F would protect USSR if invasion but F didn't stop Rhineland - B + F followed policy of appeasement - used Hitler as barrier against commies so they didn't trust stalin - Stalin not consulted in Munich agreement - Lord Halifax and Chamberlain hated communism, didn't really want to meet Stalin and questioned USSR military strength - Polish troops knew Russians hated them and wanted territory back so didn't want Russian troops protecting them - Hitler sent Ribbentrop to meet with him (senior Nazi) - more respect than B+F's ignorance
33
how did Chamberlain and Lord Halifax insult Stalin?
- refused to meet with Stalin when he first invited them to Russia to talk - then sent Reginald Drax in April 1939 to USSR after Czechoslovakia situation got worse - Drax travelled by boat (very slow) - Drax didn't really have authority and kept referring issues back to London - Halifax questioned how powerful USSR military actually was
34
why did stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet pact?
- Hitler and Stalin secretly split Poland - would be able to gain back territory without fighting for it - knew Hitler would turn against him but was buying himself time to raise an army - the USSR could see B + F would not stand up to Hitler and USSR felt isolated - owning territory in Poland would create a buffer zone - helpful for if (when) Hitler invaded Russia
35
why did Hitler sign Nazi-soviet pact?
so Germany wouldn't have to fight on two sides again - take USSR out of equation
36
what was the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
- some say it made war inevitable - Hitler now knew he could invade poland w/o having war on two fronts - B+F promised to protect Poland after realising Appeasement was useless - B+F would fight war without support of USSR - persuaded Britain that war was imminent - they formalised previous agreement with poland
37
what percentage of Danzig German population?
90%
38
when did Germany open fire on Danzig?
1st September 1939 4.45am
39
which German battleship opened fire on Poland?
Schleswig-Holstein
40
how many divisions of the German army invaded Poland?
62
41
how many Luftwaffe aeroplanes invaded poland?
1300
42
what happened to the Polish airforce?
it was caught on the ground and obliterated
43
what did Hitler's generals think of Hitler's invasion of Poland?
they were worried that Germany wasn't ready for war yet and even leaked plans to the British to get Hitler to abandon his plans
44
when did Britain send the ultimatum to Germany?
3rd September 1939
45
what did the British ultimatum say?
that the Germans were to withdraw their troops by 11am or Britain would be in a state of war with Germany and would send troops to Europe
46
what were the five causes of ww2?
- Hitler - failure of LoN - depression - appeasement - Nazi-soviet pact
47
what did Adolf Hitler promise to solve?
German unemployment, which had reached almost 6,000,000 by 1933
48
what things did Hitler identify as things he intended to do in order to make Germany a world power again?
- overturn the ToV - rearm Germany - take lebensraum (living space in the east) - unite Volksdeutsche (German people w/o german citizenship) and create a Greater Germany - anschluss - destroy communism
49
why did Hitler want to get rid of the ToV?
he felt that it had humiliated Germany and should be abolished
50
why did Hitler want to rearm Germany?
to make Germany strong again and create jobs in munitions factories and the armed forces
51
why did Hitler want to take Lebensraum?
the ToV redistributed 13% of German land so Hitler wanted to make sure the Germans had enough land to live on and farm
52
why did Hitler want to unite Volksdeutsche and create a Greater Germany?
10% of the German population found themselves living outside of Germany after 1919, and some had been badly treated by the countries they were living in
53
why did Hitler want to destroy communism?
a Jewish man called Karl Marx had developed the idea of communism, and Hitler hated Jewish people and thought they were ruining Germany, so he believed that communism would destroy Germany if he didn't destroy it first
54
why would lebensraum lead to war?
Hitler wanted land in the east, to get this, he would have to invade countries in Eastern Europe. this would be considered an act of war and other countries might try to protect the ones being invaded
55
why would rearmament lead to war?
under the ToV, Germany's military power was severely restricted and the Rhineland had been demiliterised. Hitler wanted to introduce conscription and build a luftwaffe (air force) to help reduce unemployment and make Germany strong again, but this broke international law and other countries would become suspicious about why Germany needed such a big army
56
why would reuniting German-speaking people and creating a Greater Germany lead to war?
to build a greater germany, Hitler planned to reclaim land that had been lost in the treaty of versailles. he also planned to unite areas that were no longer German but where Volksdeutsche were living as a part of Germany. However, it was unlikely that other countries would give up these regions without a fight and once again Hitler was breaking international law
57
why would destroying communism lead to war?
the USSR had a massive army and had began to develop better relationships with Britain and France. the USSR was also allied with many of the Eastern European countries that Hitler was targeting for Lebensraum. Hitler was provoking a powerful nation that was bound to fight back
58
who was Britain's PM from 1937 to 1940?
Neville Chamberlain
59
what was Chamberlain's policy to deal with Hitler until 1939?
appeasement
60

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