conflict and tension part one Flashcards
how many winning countries sent representatives to the Paris Peace conference?
32
when was the Paris Peace Conference?
January 1919
who was the prime minister of Britain in 1919?
David Lloyd George
who was the Prime minister of France in 1919?
Georges Clemenceau
who was the president of the USA in 1919?
Woodrow Wilson
which country had suffered the most deaths in ww1?
france
what did Clemenceau want?
- to cripple Germany so it wouldn’t be powerful enough to attack France again
- to make Germany’s army smaller
- wanted to push Germany’s border to the Rhine in Eastern Germany
- reparations
why was Lloyd George worried about being too harsh?
he was concerned that it could lead to the Germans wanting revenge and could start another war
why did the British public elect Lloyd George?
because he promised to make Germany pay
why did Lloyd George want Germany to remain kinda strong?
to be able to trade with them and to prevent other countries in Europe becoming stronger
what did Lloyd George want?
- he wanted to make Germany’s navy weaker so Britain’s was stronger
- he wanted some of Germany’s colonies if possible to grow the British empire and to get income from it
why did Wilson not want the treaty to be too harsh?
to prevent another war and also because the American people didn’t see the need for revenge as they weren’t affected as negatively as other countries
what did Wilson want?
- he was an idealist and wanted a future where everyone was equal
- he proposed the LoN
- believed in ‘self-determination’ (allowing countries freedom to rule themselves however they want)
- wanted freedon of the seas, so everyone could sail trading ships wherever they want
- the rest of his Fourteen Points
what had Germany agreed to in the armistice?
- paying reparations
- giving Alsace-Lorraine back to France
- demiliterisation of the rhineland
what countries had been promised land by the Allies in return for their support in ww1?
Italy in the Austro-Hungarian empire and Japan with it’s claims on land in China
what were the Fourteen Points?
a list of rules that aimed to create fairness and peace
what were some of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
- no secret treaties
- ships of all nations have the right to sail the seas without interference
- disarmament
- Alsace-Loraine returned to France
- self determination in the Austro-Hungarian Empires and Ottoman Empires
- Independance given to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro
- independent Polish state created
- league of nations formed
when was the ToV signed?
28 June 1919
what was forbidden between Austria and Germany in the ToV?
anschluss (union)
what was the german navy limited to in the ToV?
15,000 men, 1500 officers and 6 battleships
what was article 231 of the treaty?
the guilt clause: Germany and it’s allies had to take full responsibility for starting the wat (most hated term by the Germans)
what part of Germany had to be demilitarised in the treaty?
the Rhineland
what was article 232?
Germany was blamed for the war so had to pay reparations. the agreed figure in 1921 was £6.6 billion (estimated it would take until 1988 to pay it back)
what was the German military not allowed?
tanks, submarines, or an air force