year 10 eoy key topic 2: hitler's rise to power 1919-1933 Flashcards
what is the official name for the nazis?
national socialist german workers party (NSDAP)
when did Hitler become the leader of the Nazi party?
July 1921
what were the key nazi ideas (in 25 points)
- abolish ToV
- destroy weimar gov
- destroy marxism
- challenge terror or violence with your own terror or violence
- remove jewish people from all positions of leadership in germany
- no non-germans to be newspaper editors
- educate gifted children at the states expense
- increase old age pension
- strong central gov
- nationalise important industries
- conquer lebensraum
- rearm germany
when were the SA formed, who were they, and who commanded them?
August 1921, they were a parliamentary force made up of unemployed ex soldiers, put under the control of Ernst Rohm
what colour uniform did the SA wear, and what were they therefore nicknamed?
brown uniforms, they were called ‘brownshirts’
how many members did the SA have by November 1923?
50,000
why did hitler attempt the Munich Putsch?
- to topple the weimar gov
- to gain support and raise the profile of the nazi party
- to put pressure on the gov
- he believed he had support from the army and bavarian gov
- he believed it was the correct time (1923)
- hitler wanted a nationalist gov
- wanted to lead a march similar to mussolini’s
- weimar republic was seen as weak and hitler was ready to exploit the people’s grievances
why was the timing ‘good’ for the munich putsch?
- the gov would be preoccupied with economic crisis
- stresemann had just called off passive resistance in the ruhr, so they seemed to have given in to the french = outrage
- hyperinflation has weakened weimar support
- it was a state of emergency and hitler was going to take advantage of the chaos
who set up the DAP (nazis)?
Anton Drexler
when was the DAP (nazis) set up?
Feb 1919
on what day did Hitler and the SA burst into the beer hall for the munich putsch?
8th November 1923
what was happening in the beer hall that hitler burst into in the munich putsch?
there was a political meeting going on which was being attended by Gustav von Kahr (head of bavarian gov), Seisser, Lossow
who did Hitler march with through munich the day after the beer hall?
Luddendorf, and 3000 supporters
how many marchers were killed in the munich putsch?
16
when was hitler arrested the nazi party was banned?
11th november 1923
how many years was hitler sentenced to and what was he found guilty of?
5 years, he was guilty of treason
when was hitler released from prison?
after 9 months, December 1924
when was the ban on the nazis lifted?
February 1925
what was hitler’s book called?
Mein Kampf
what was the membership of the party in 1928?
100,000
who was appointed to take care of nazi propaganda?
joseph goebbels
what percentage of the population supported the nazis in 1928?
3% (less than the commies)
what are some examples that the nazis did not do well between 1924-1929?
- there were quarrels and disagreements during hitler a time in prison
- economic recovery meant there was little support for extremists
- it only won 12 seats in the 1928 election
what are some examples that the nazis did well during 1924-1929?
- won 32 seats in the 1924 elections
- mein kampf provided key ideas for the development of the nazi party with its focus on the importance of propaganda and antisemitism
- hitler reorganised the party to make it more efficient
- 1926 bamberg party conference, hitler continued to strengthen his position possible rivals to hitlers leadership were won over or removed from the party
- membership increased to 100,000 members in 1928
- hitler set up the SS who acted as hitlers personal bodyguards. they were under the control of himmler who expanded the SS to 3000 members by 1930
why did the nazis have limited support between 1923-1929?
the economy was getting better thanks to the new currency, dawes, and young plan, so there was less support for extremist parties. moderate SPD won 30% in may 1928
germany got better status in the world so there was less support for nationalists
hindenburg became president so people were more supportive of the gov and were less inclined to support parties who wanted to scrap it
the working class did not support the nazis, and the nazis won only 1% of the votes in berlin and the ruhr
when did stresemann die and how?
3rd october 1929 by heart attack
when was the wall street crash?
october 1929
why was germany affected by the wall street crash?
american banks and businesses asked german banks to pay back the money they had borrowed so there was an economic collapse in germany
what was the fall in industrial output between 1929-1932?
1929-1930: 10% fall
1929-1931: 30% fall
1929-1932: 40% fall
how many were unemployed in september 1929?
1.3 million
how many were unemployed in september 1931?
4.3 million
how many were unemployed in september 1932?
5.1 million
how many were unemployed in january 1933?
6.1 million
who suffered the most during the great depression?
- the unemployed as the gov stopped being able to unemployment benefits, and taxes were raised
- savers, the value of shares crashed so the value of their savings crashed too
- workers, taxes went up and employers cut wages
what did the wall street crash cause in germany?
the great depression
who was the chancellor between 1940-1932?
Heinrich Bruning
what did bruning use to pass laws?
article 48
when did bruning resign?
may 1932
how many seats did the SPD’s get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?
may 1928: 152
sept 1930: 143
july 1932: 133
how many seats did the NSDAP get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?
may 1928: 12
sept 1930: 107
July 1932: 230
how many seats did the KPD (commies) get in may 1928, sept 1930, july 1932?
may 1928: 54
sept 1930: 77
july 1932: 89
why was hitler appealing to the germans?
he was a strong leader who promised to restore law and order to force other countries to scrap the ToV. he was very popular, featured prominently in the nazi posters and spoke in as many parts of the country as he could. he used aeroplanes in the campaign for the 1930/1932 election, and had support of wealthy businessmen s who funded the costs of an election campaign
why was the SA convince people to support the nazis?
the uniforms made them look organised and disciplined. during economic and social troubles the SA made the nazis look strong enough to control unrest and stand up to foreign powers. the SA disrupted the opposition meetings and had a stronger private army than the communists. they turned tore down the oppositions posters, intimidated the their candidates, and broke into their offices, disrupting their rallies. in one clash with the commies near hamburg, 18 people were killed
how did propaganda convince people to support the nazis?
joseph goebbels was a master of propaganda and used every possible method to get across the nazi message. posters targeted different audiences and were timed to have max impact. their message was generally simple but clear
why did big businessmen support the nazis?
wealthy industrialists supported the nazi party. hitler persuaded businessmen that the nazis were the best hope of protection from the commies. nazis benefitted as wealthy businessmen like Benz and Krupp poured money into the NSDAP
why did the working class support the nazis?
the nazi trad policies appealed to workers especially with the promise of work and bread on posters
why did the middle class support the nazis?
hitler could help the middle class recover from their extreme loss of savings. the commies wanted to abolish private ownership of land and businesses, and the middle class saw the nazis as a strong party that could protect them from this. many middle class people did not like the drinking and social openness of the weimar republic, the nazis had trad german values on these policies
why did the farmers support the nazis?
in 1928 the nazi policy of confiscating all private land was changed to just private land owned by jews which reassured farmers
why did young people support the nazis?
the nazi party was exciting - there were rallies and the speeches were always stirring and promising more traditional parties
why did women support the nazis?
the nazis had a more trad view on women, they shod play a special role as mothers and wives
more women liked this idea
who is bruning replaced by and when?
vom papen, who is put forward by von schleicher
may 1932
what does bruning ban in april 1932?
the SA and SS
what had von schleicher been planning?
a coalition between right wing supporters and the nazis. hitlers only term is if the sa get un-banned, and the coalition takes power
when does von schleicher become chancellor?
december 1932
what does von schleicher want to be?
head of military dictatorship
who convinces hindenburg to appoint hitler as chancellor?
von papen, and he says to put him as vice chancellor so he can keep an eye on hitler
why is von papen removed from chancellor?
von schleicher warns hindenburg that there will be civil war if he stays
when does hitler become chancellor?
30th january 1933
