year 10 eoy key topic 3: nazi control and dictatorship 1933-1939 Flashcards
when were the police forces ordered to cooperate with SS and SA?
17th february 1933
when did the reichstag fire happen?
27th february 1933
how many communists and other nazi opponents were arrested on the night of the reichstag fire?
4000
when was the emergency decree issued and what was it?
28th february 1933. it was issued by hindenburg at hitlers request. it allowed police to arrest suspects and hold them without trial and hitler to take other regional govs
what day was the reichstag elections, what did the gov do, and what % did nazis win?
5th march 1933, the gov used control of radio and police to intimidate opponents, and they had the slogan ‘the battle against marxism’. the nazis won 52%
when was the entire media controlled?
13th march 1933
when was the enabling act passed and what was it?
23rd march 1933, it allowed hitler to pass decrees without the president’s involvement; made hitler a legal dictator
when was the civil service and education purged?
7th of april 1933, jewish people and other nazi opponents were removed
when were trade unions banned?
2nd may 1933
when was the law that made germany a one party state (no formation of new parties) passed?
14th July 1933
when were all state govs taken over?
january 1934
when was the night of long knives?
29/30th june 1934
when did hindenburg die?
2nd august 1934
who was blamed for the reichstag fire?
marinus van der lubbe (a young dutchman and commie)
how many deaths did the reichstag elections cause?
70
what did the enabling act trigger?
the end of the weimar republic, a 6 month period of change, known as the nazi revolution
how many men were executed on charges of treason after the night of the long knives?
77
what happened to ernst rohm after the night of long knives?
he was shot
who led the ss?
heinrich himmler
when was a public vote held to see wether hitler would become fuhrer?
19th august, 90% voted in favour
what is a police state?
when a gov uses the police to control everyone’s life
who did the nazis use to control the germans?
the SS, SD, and gestapo
when was the SS set up?
1925
what kind of uniforms did the SS wear?
black uniforms
what did the SS control?
all germany’s police and security forces
could the SS act outside the law?
yes
what kind of wives did the members of the SS have to marry?
racially pure wives
who ran the concentration camps?
the SS
how many men were in the SS?
240,000
what was the SD?
the security force
who set up the SD?
heinrich himmler
when was the SD set up?
1931
who was appointed leader of the SD?
reynhard heydrich
what did the sd do?
spy on all opponents of the nazis at home or abroad
when was the gestapo set up?
1933
who was the gestapo set up by?
goering
who was the gestapo led by?
reynhard heydrich
what did the gestapo do?
persecuted people for speaking out against nazis, sent people to concentration camps and used torture
where was the first concentration camp built?
Dachau
when was the first concentration camp built?
1933
who was sent to concentration camps?
political prisoners, undesirables, prostitutes, and homosexuals
what happened to the inmates in the concentration camps?
treated badly and forced to do hard labour
what did all judges have to belong to?
the national socialist league for the maintenance of the law
what was the people’s court for?
to hear all treason cases. trials were held in secret and the judges were hand picked
what was germany becoming thanks to the nazis?
a totalitarian state
what percentage of germans had a radio by 1939?
70%
how many loudspeakers where placed in bars and streets for those without radio
6000
what would be played through the radio?
hitlers (and other important nazi politicians) speeches
what kind of music was banned?
jazz
what did musicians have to be a members of?
the reich chamber of culture
what was okay to listen to?
folk songs and classical music
who’s permission did they need to publish books?
goebbels
when was the olympics in germany?
1936
what did rallies do?
gave a sense of belonging, show of power and the sense that every german supported the nazis
what happened to anti-nazi newspapers?
shut down
how many daily newspapers were there by 1944?
only 1000
what did some nazi newspapers do to those who cancelled their subscription?
they threatened them
what happened to all european and exterior films?
they were censored
what is the difference between resistance and opposition?
resistance - refusing to support something
opposition - actively working against something to remove it
why did the church leaders oppose the nazis?
the protestant church was agains hitlers reich church
the catholic church was against the euthanasia campaign
what action did the church leaders take against the nazis?
they formed an alternate ‘confessional church’
campaigned against the euthanasia programme
the pope wrote a letter with ‘burning concern’
what action did the nazis take against the church’s opposition?
niemoller was put into a concentration camp, and hitler ordered his death but he survived
the campaign was successful because the nazis didn’t want to make the von galen (catholic church priest) a martyr, but 3 other catholic priests who distributed his leaflets were executed
who were the edelweiss pirates?
working class boys and girls who opposed the nazi regime
what action did the edelweiss pirates take?
they sand songs like the hitler youth but with different lyrics to mock the nazis, they would taunt and attack hitler youth members, they had boys and girls with freer attitudes to sex, they daubed anti-nazi slogans m, sheltered deserters, and beat up nazi officials. in 1944 the edelweiss pirates from cologne killed the gestapo chief
what did the nazis do against the edelweiss pirates?
publicly hung 12 of them
who were the swing youth?
they were middle class youths who rejected nazi values, drank alcohol, and listened to jazz
what did the swing youth do in opposition to the nazis?
they work english style clothes, the girls wore make up, and they would use the common greeting of ‘heil benny’
who were the white rose movement?
they were against the slaughter of Jewish people and Polish people. munich university students led by Hans and Sophie Scholl distributed anti-nazi leaflets. they called for an end to the war, and an end to the atrocities agains jewish people, and a united europe
