germany part 2 Flashcards
only doing chap 4-5, add 6 later
when did the wall street crash happen?
October 1929
why did the Wall street crash impact Germany?
Americans didn’t have enough money to buy foreign items so factories were going bankrupt and shutting down. the USA also asked for the money it had loaned to Germany back, but Germany couldn’t pay
why was extremism on the rise?
people were hungry and unemployed and were willing to listen to radical solutions from extremist parties (like the nazis and commies)
how much did unemployment rise in germany from 1928 to 1932?
more than tripled (~1.5ish mill in 1928 compared to ~5.5million in 1932)
how many votes did the Nazis have in 1932?
14 million (most popular party)
how many votes did the nazis have in 1928?
800,000
what were the five factors in the rise in popularity of the nazis?
- the depression
- Germans were unhappy with Weimar gov
- the appeal of Hitler
- fear of the rise of other extremists (communists)
- Nazi structure + methods + tactics
why were germans upset with the Weimar gov?
- they argued a lot and did not get much done
- two different chancellors failed to make an impact (Muller + Bruning)
- Bruning wanted to take rich people’s land away and give it to the poor (but Hindenberg quickly withdrew his support on that)
when was the communist revolution in Russia?
1917
who was afraid of the communists?
- the upper and middle classes
- esp businessmen and landowners
- they didn’t want to lose their wealth and place in society
- religious people (commies didn’t believe in religious institutions)
what did Hitler think of the communists?
he said he’d fight them and sent his stormtroopers to fight with communist gangs, so upper and middle class people supported him
how did the SA grow between 1931 -1932?
1931: 100,000 men
1932: 400,000 men
how did the nazis attempt to gain followers?
set up Nazi pary offices to gain support
what tactic did the nazis use to gain support?
propaganda, speeches and parades, and rallies
who was the chief nazi propagandist? (from 1928)
Joseph Goebbels
what was started to gain followers in the younger generations?
the Hitler Youth Organisation
what did the nazis appear to be after the depression?
the most organised and disciplined party
how did the nazis use modern technology to seem ‘in touch’?
- Hitler travelled by aeroplane to 20 different cities in 7 days to make election speeches
- constant use of radio, which had only recently become popular
who voted for the nazis?
- people in the countryside
- the middle class
- women
- young people
- upper class and rich factory owners
why did people in the countryside support hitler?
- they had been hit hard by the depression because people weren’t buying as much food
- the weimar gov didn’t help them
- nazis promised higher wages for farmers
- nazis opposed the communists, who would’ve seized the land the farmers had in their families for generations
why did women vote for the nazis?
- nazis supported good family morals and traditional values
- nazis feel that the young had been exposed to too much ‘filth’ and the promised to sort it out
why did the middle class vote for the nazis?
- their wages had been cut
- they feared that law and order would break down or that there would be a communist uprising
- they wanted a strong gov and the weimar gov only seemed to argue between themselves, and the nazis seemed to show order and discipline in a time of chaos
why did young people support hitler?
- he was an old soldier who knew the value of a powerful military
- he promised to make Germany strong again
- many young people wanted to be apart of germany’s bright future and get jobs in the armed forces
- they were won over by the sheer force of his beliefs
why did the upper class vote for the nazis?
- they promised strong leadership and a more powerful nation
- Hitler promised to allow them to run their factories however they wanted
- his plans to make more weapons and ships and planes would bring them more money
- the nazis would fight communists
when was Hitler appointed chancellor?
30th of January, 1933
who became the chancellor after the sept 1930 elections?
Heinrich Bruning
was Bruning popular as chancellor
no, he lowered unemployment pat and raised taxes
how big was the nazi party in 1930?
it was the second largest party in the Reichstag
what were the results of the the sept 1930 elections (top 4 parties)?
Social democratic - 143
nazis - 107
communists - 77
centre party - 68
why did some claim that democracy had failed?
the president (Hindenberg) was making laws using the emergency decree
what did some people think proved the failure of the weimar gov?
they parties fought with eachother which created violence and chaos on the streets
when did Bruning resign?
1932
who did Hindenberg appoint as chancellor after Bruning?
Franz von Papen (another centre party politician) - but he didn’t have much support either so he called an election
what were the results of the july 1932 elections? (top four parties)
nazis - 230
social democrats - 133
centre party - 97
communists - 89
who was appointed as chancellor in 1932 after the elections?
hitler demanded to be appointed but Hindenberg gave the job to von Papen again (who called another election in nov 1932, and then resigned again)
who became chancellor after von Papen’s second resignation?
Hindenberg’s friend - Kurt von Schleicher, who again had no support so he resigned as well
why did hindenberg end up appointing Hitler?
he had ran out of others to appoint, and though that by making von Papen vice chancellor and restricting the number of nazis allowed in the cabinet to two, it would limit his power
