germany revision yr 10 Flashcards
where did Germany attack in 1941?
the USSR
what was the impact of the USSR invasion?
the freezing Russian winter meant their guns did not fire, and they did not have the proper clothing for the temperature. the Russians were able to push they back towards Germany. in the battle of Stalingrad 80,000 Germans died and 90,000 surrendered
what were the reasons behind rationing?
supplies were needed for the front line because they were loosing, and there were food shortages
what was rationed?
food and clothing, eg:
-one egg a week
-hot water two days a week
who was made armaments minster and when?
albert speer, 1942
what was everything focused on when the country was organised for total war?
making weapons and growing food for soldiers
what was stopped when the country was organised for total war?
beer houses, dance halls, and sweet shops were closed. letter boxes were boarded up
how many foreign workers were brought in from countries Germany had conquered to work as slave labour?
seven million
when did the Americans and the British bomb Germany?
1942
what were the impacts of the 1942 bombings?
- no electricity, water or transport
- people left their homes to find refuge in safer places
- there were thousands of deaths
- bombing caused food shortages and gas explosions
- Nazi support weakened
why were people opposed to Nazis/Hitler?
- uncomfortable with concentration camps
- didn’t like gestapo
- shocked at treatment of the Jews or mentally/physically disable
- hated restrictions and limits put on their lives
what was the lowest lever of resistance
mumbling/grumbling
- often in the privacy of their own homes
- say an anti-Hitler joke
- complain about the treatment of a Jewish friend
what was passive resistance
when Germans publicly showed that they didn’t support Nazis by refusing to do what they were told
eg they refused to give the ‘Heil Hitler’ salute, or didnt give money to the Hitler youth members who were collecting funds
what did the White rose group do?
they urged Germans to get rid of Hitler. they handed out leaflets, put up posters and wrote graffiti
who were the leaders of the White rose group?
Hans and Sophie Scholl (siblings)
when were Has and Sophie Scholl caught?
in 1943, they were beheaded for their ‘crimes’
what did the Edelweiss Pirates and the Navajos (banned youth groups) do?
beat up Nazi officials, and helped army deserters
how many young rebel groups were there in Germany?
approximately 2000
who were the Kreisau circle and what did they do?
they were a group of army officers, university professors, and aristocrats who were shocked at Hitler’s plans for war and his brutality. they discussed getting rid of Hitler but didn’t do anything.
what group contacted the British about getting rid of Hitler
the Beck-Goerdeler group, but nothing could be agreed
who led the the Beck-Goerdeler group?
former army general Ludwig Beck and Nazi official Karl Goerdeler
when was the July Bomb plot?
1944
what group led the July Bomb plot?
the Beck-Goerdeler group
what happened in the July bomb plot
an army officer (Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg) agreed to be a part of a group who were going to detonate a bomb where Hitler was meeting. afterwards, they wanted to take over, end the war, and change Germany for the better. the bomb only burned Hitler’s hair, burst his ear drums, and ripped some of his clothes off, it didn’t kill him.
how many people did the July Bomb plot kill?
4
when were the Germans pushed out of USSR?
by the end of 1944
when was Berlin surrounded?
24th of April, 1945
when did Hitler commit suicide?
30th of April, 1945
when did Germany surrender?
8th of May
what battle made Russia (and Britain, France, and USA) have the upperhand?
battle of Stalingrad
