Histology - Stomach, Small and Large Intestine

Question 1

Answer 1

Large Intestine - ▪ Enterocytes ▪ Goblet cells

▪ Enteroendocrine cells ▪ M cells (antigen-transport)

NO paneth cells.

Question 1

Answer 1

Small Intestine

Question 2

Answer 2

Appendix with prominent GALT - numerous lymphatic nodules.

Question 2

Answer 2

Oblique, circular, longitudinal layers of muscularis externa in stomach.

Question 3

Answer 3

Esophagus epithelium - Simple Squamous, Non-Keratinized.

Question 4

Answer 4

Gastritis in lamina propria (Loose CT inflammation)

Question 5

Answer 5

Enteroendocrine cells - found at stomach glands, mostly at their base.

Question 5

Answer 5

Fundus and Body with fundic glands, surface, stem cells, muscous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells.

Question 6

Answer 6

Parietal cells - (HCl secretion) - acidophilic, proton pumps, canaliculi, tubulovescular membranes - secreting acid.

Question 7

Answer 7

Chief Cells - ABC - apical, basophilic, chief cells

Question 8

Answer 8

Esophagogastric junction with esophageal cardiac glands - mucus secreting glands in the laminal propria of the lower esophagus.

Question 10

Answer 10

Enteric nervous system (ENS) - regulates motility, secretion, blood flow. Responds to mechanical, chemical ANS stimuli.

Question 11

Answer 11

Peyer’s patches - large accumulations of GALT in the lamina propria of ILEUM - may extend into submucosa.

Question 11

Answer 11

Cardicac Gland - pale, alkaline

Question 11

Answer 11

Muscularis Mucosae - agitates luminal contents, aids gland expression. Smooth muscle. Same innervation as glands.

Question 12

Answer 12

Brunner’s glands (or duodenal glands) found in the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter. Produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate) in order to: protect the duodenum from the acidic content of chyme;
provide an alkaline condition to activarte intestinal enzymes, and lubricate the intestinal walls.

Question 13

Answer 13

Appendix with mucosa, lamina propria, submucosa, lymphatic nodule

Question 14

Answer 14

PS is pyloric sphincter - thickening of circular layer of muscularis externa

Question 15

Answer 15

Appendix - Promitent GALT

Question 17

Answer 17

Enteroendocrine cells - basal SGs, fundic gland.

Secrete hormones like gastrin, CCK, secretin
Regulate gastric, intestinal, pancreatic, gallbladder activity.

Question 18

Answer 18

Ileocecal junction

Question 19

Answer 19

Adhesion of serosa or adventitia. Clinical application, fubrous scar tissue, type 1 collagen.

Question 20

Answer 20

Large intestine - simple columnar, intestinal glands and goblet cells that secrete mucus for lubrication and protection.

Question 21

Answer 21

Pyloric Gland

Question 22

Answer 22

GALT - plasma cells, protection, abundant in ileum and appendix

Question 23

Answer 23

Rectoanal Junction - Transition from simple columnar to stratified columnar to stratified squamous non keratinized

Question 24

Answer 24

Top to Bottom - Mucosa, GALT, submucosa, Muscularis externa, serosa

Question 25

Answer 25

Mucosa, lamina propria. (Loose CT, fenestrated cap, glands, GALT)

Question 26

Answer 26

Small Intestine - with intestinal folds, villi.

Question 26

Answer 26

Paneth Cell - epithelium of the small intestine located just below the intestinal stem cells in the intestinal glands (in the crypts of Lieberkühn). Large granules that consist of anti-microbial compounds important in immunity and host-defense.

Question 27

Answer 27

Stomach - Pylorus - numerous glands

Question 28

Answer 28

Stomach rugae.

Question 29

Answer 29

Fundus (or body) of Stomach with surface mucous cells and neck cells - aka Fundic Glands within the lamina propria of fundus and body.

Question 31

Answer 31

Paneth Cell - epithelium of the small intestine located in the intestinal glands (in the crypts of Lieberkühn). Large granules that consist of anti-microbial compounds important in immunity and host-defense.

Question 32

Answer 32

Upper third muscularis externa in esophagus. Skeletal swallowing. Lower motor neurons, vagus nerve. neuromuscular synapse, upper esophageal sphincter.

Question 34

Answer 34

Esophagus - Esophageal glands in submucosa lubricate and protect GI wall from self-digestion.

Question 35

Answer 35

Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn) contains multiple types of cells: enterocytes (absorbing water and electrolytes), goblet cells (secreting mucus), enteroendocrine cells (secreting hormones), and at the base, Paneth cells (secreting anti-microbial peptides) and stem cells.

Question 36

Answer 36

The black bracket is the mucosa; the blue bracket is the submucosa; the red bracket is the muscularis; the green arrow indicates the serosa.

Question 38

Answer 38

Submucosa - Dense CT aids in supprt, tension. Larger vessels, give rise to capillaries. Submucosal Plexus. Involved in metastasis (lymph vessels) and hemorraging (ulcer).

Question 39

Answer 39

Stomach Epithelium: simple columnar Mucosal glands: fundic, cardiac, pyloric glands NO submucosal glands.

Question 40

Answer 40

Small intestine with enterocyte, goblet cell, smooth muscle, and a central lacteal.

Question 41

Answer 41

Duodenum with Brunner's Glands above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate).

Question 42

Answer 42

Large Intestine - OL is outer longitundinal folded up to become teniae coli

Question 44

Answer 44

Large Intestine Mucosa - no villi, plenty of glands in LP. Abundant goblet cells. Similar to small intestine, but NO paneth cells.

Question 45

Answer 45

Small Intestine with circular folds and villi. _Villus epithelium:_ ▪ Enterocytes ▪ Goblet cells _Villus lamina propria:_ ▪ Lacteals: lymphatic capillaries, uptake chylomicrons (modified triglycerides) ▪ Fenestrated (type II) capillaries: uptake of other molecules ▪ Smooth muscle: contract villi; fluid enters lacteals ▪ GALT: immune response

Question 46

Answer 46

Middle third transition of esophageal muscularis externa.

Question 47

Answer 47

ENS Myenteric Plexus - regulates peristalsis (muscularis externa)

Question 48

Answer 48

Muscularis Externa - Myenteric Plexus regulates peristalsis. Clinical - dysmotility and T2 carcinoma.