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Histology > Histology - Integument > Flashcards

Histology - Integument Flashcards

1
Q

primarily axilla, anus, and external genitalia, associated with hair follicles, wide lumen, merocrine secretion, innervation is sympathetic adrenergic (NE)

A

apocrine sweat glands

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1
Q

induces neural crest

A

intermediate concentration BMP4

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2
Q

contain filaggrin and other intermediate filament-associated proteins such as keratin filaments (tonofilaments). Help aggregate tonofilaments into tonofibrils

A

keratohyalin granules

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2
Q

melanin granule transport

A

via kinesin or dynein along microtubules, keratinocytes phagocytose melanocyte processes to take up melanin granules. Kensin in cytoplasmic extension, dynein in keratinocyte.

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2
Q

skin pigmentation related to…

A

rate of melanin degradation AND ratio of keratinocytes to melanocytes

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2
Q

antigen-presenting immune cells of the skin and mucosa, and contain large granules called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis, but are most prominent in the stratum spinosum.

A

Langerhan’s cells - indented nucleus

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2
Q

back dermis

A

paraxial mesoderm

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4
Q

single cell layer, adjacent to basal lamina, cuboidal to low columnar cells, vitamin D production, stem cells (mitotically active), extensive cell junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes. Life span of 2 months.

A

stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

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4
Q

columnar shape, produce sweat, increased mitochondria and glycogen, adjacent to intercellular canaliculi

A

clear (C) cells

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6
Q

darker than spinosum. one to three cell layers thick, squamous cells, retain nuclei, keratohyalin granules

A

stratum granulosum

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7
Q

expression induces dermatome development

A

NT-3

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8
Q

epidermal germinative zone for nail

A

nail matrix

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9
Q

dermis for limbs and body wall

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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11
Q

layers of epidermis

A

stratum corneum (with deep stratum lucidum in thick skin), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer), stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

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12
Q

rapid proliferation shortens transit time from basal cell to desquamation time to about 7 days

A

psoriasis

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12
Q

types of sweat glands

A

accrine and apocrine

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13
Q

keratinocytes cell junctions

A

hemidesmosomes tether keratinocytes of stratum basale to basal lamina. Focal adhesion interacting with actin cells also tethering SB to BL.

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14
Q

secretory product released into duct with cell debris after apoptosis

A

holocrine secretion - Example: sebaceous glands of integument

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15
Q

cuticle

A

eponychium

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16
Q

integument functions

A

protection, vitamin D production, immunologic function, sensation, thermoregulation

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16
Q

Skin lines that become apparent with some diseases of the skin. The lines are believed to trace the migration of embryonic cells.

A

lines of Blaschko

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17
Q

induces epidermis

A

high concentration BMP4

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18
Q

face and neck dermis

A

neural crest cells

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19
Q

tactlile sensation, neural crest derived,

A

Merkel’s cells - located in stratum basale, abundant in fingertips, synapse with pseudounipolar neurons and tethered to keratinocytes by desmosomes.

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19
Q

dermatome cells express

A

PAX3

20
Q

noggin, chordin, and follistatin

A

expression by the notochord inhibits BMP4, which allows ectoderm to form neural plate

22
Q

are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis.

A

dermal papillae

24
Q

from dermatome (dermis) drives differentiation. expressed in early embryonic phases in paraxial mesoderm, which it helps to demarcate.

A

PAX3

25
Q

dense irregular connective tissue, less cellular, closely packed fiber bundles, thick collagen fibers (I), thick elastic fibers

A

reticular layer

25
Q

acne correlation

A

correlation between sebum amount and acne

25
Q

thick epidermis that secures free edge of nail

A

hyponychium

25
Q

induces neural plate (CNS)

A

low concentration BMP4

26
Q

secretory product released from apical end of cell into duct, takes with it some cytoplasm and plasma membrane.

A

apocrine secretion - Example - lactating mammary glands.

28
Q

deep pressure, vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

28
Q

keratinized cortex cells contain

A

hard keratin

30
Q

epidermis epithelial type

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

keratinocytes water barrier

A

formed by lamellar bodies

33
Q

a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to touch.

A

Meissner’s corpuscle, Ruffini’s corpuscle, Merkel’s Cell

34
Q

merocrine secretion, innervation is sympathetic cholinergic (ACh), sweat and antibacterial glycoprotein granules, narrow lumen in duct.

A

eccrine sweat glands

36
Q

internalize and degrade HIV-1, Langerin induces formation.

A

Birbeck granules

37
Q

induce ectoderm to form epidermis

A

BMP4 and FGF

38
Q

collagen and elastic fibers oriented in parallel lines

A

Langer’s lines - surgical incisions parallel to Langer’s lines heal faster

39
Q

free nerve ending

A

pain, temperature, tactile

40
Q

variable thickness of layer, squamous cells, anucleate, keratinized cells (soft keratin)

A

stratum corneum (with deep stratum lucidum in thick skin)

41
Q

no desmosomes, production of melanin granules,

A

melanocytes, neural crest derived. Migrate to stratum basale, PAX3 from dermatome (dermis) drives differentiation, melanin granules migrate out toward cytoplasmic extensions.

42
Q

keratinization

A

accumulation of keratohyalin granules (KG) as cells differentiate from BL to surface, highest concentration of KG in stratum granulosum.

44
Q

ABCD rule

A

Asymmetrical shape of lesion, Border of lesion is irregular, Color variations, Diameter greater than 6 mm.

45
Q

loose connective tissue, more cellular, lots of ground substance, loosely arranged fibers, thin collagen fibers (I, III), thin elastic fibers

A

papillary layer

46
Q

lipid product plus cell debris after apoptosis

A

sebum

48
Q

cytoplasmic protein structures made of keratinin that converge at desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Also associated with desmosomes (macula adherens), anchoring them to the cytoskeleton.

A

tonofibrils

50
Q

8 layers of hair follicle

A

outer to inner: hair papilla, connective tissue, glassy membrane (basal lamina), external and internal root sheath, cuticle, cortex and medulla (innermost)

51
Q

desquamation (exfoliation)

A

a result of proteolytic degradation of desmosomes in a pH dependent manner

52
Q

pyramidal shape, antibacterial glycoprotein granules, increased RER and Golgi, adjacent to lumen

A

dark (D) cells

53
Q

A layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomal that occurs when stained with H&E. Keratinization beginshere.

A

stratum spinosum

54
Q

wound healing mechanism

A

stratum basale ramps up mitosis, migration of proliferating cells, exfoliation of dead keratinocytes frees scab, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts (directed by TGF-b1), myofibroblasts involved in wound closure

56
Q

branched acinar gland that uses holocrine secretino to secrete sebum.

A

sebaceous glands

57
Q

hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

A

epidermal derivatives

58
Q

nodes of Bizzozero

A

desmosomes in the stratum spinosum of epidermis

59
Q

secretory product released from apical end of cell via exocytosis into duct.

A

merocrine secretion - example - sweat glands of integument.

60
Q

secrete (exocytosis) pro-barrier lipids, lipid processing enzymes, and proteases into intercellular space between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum

A

lamellar bodies

Histology (33 decks)

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