Histology - Liver, Gall Bladder Flashcards
simple cuboidal epithelium. Located in portal area and collect bile from liver lobules via intrahepatic bile ductules.
interlobular bile ducts
major support for hepatic sinusoids
reticular fibers
liver dysfunction due to venous congestion, usually cardiac dysfunction or other causes of hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Affects hepatocytes near central vein.
centrilobular necrosis
pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space (space of Disse). The major cell type involved in liver fibrosis (scar tissue).
Ito Cells
cholangiocarcinoma
cancer in biliary system
causes simultaneous contraction of smooth muscle of gallbladder and relaxation of smooth muscle of sphincters
cholecystokinin
Will cause necrosis throughout liver lobule
viral hepatitis
a collagenous capsule covering the external surface of the liver. It consists of type III collagen and extends to the stroma of endothelial sinusoids.
Glisson’s capsule
Ito cells lose ability to store lipid and vitamin A. Primary function becomes collagen synthesis.
liver cirrhosis (chronic inflammation)
breakdown product of hemoglobin from dead rbcs
bilirubin - modified in hepatocytes and released in bile for elimination.
migratory macrophages derived from monocytes located within hepatic sinusoids that form a part of the sinusoidal lining. Unique to hepatic sinusoids.
Kupffer cells
a type of sinusoidal blood vessel (with fenestrated, discontinuous endothelium) that serves as a location for the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.
liver sinusoid
Four of six sides. Desmosomes and tight junctions holding cells together, preventing material from moving from one hepatocyte to another.
lateral domains
hepatocytes with lower oxygen tension, and lower nutrient and hormone levels. Increased number of SER, but less mitochondria, for biochemical pathways requiring less ATP (such as glycolysis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and drug metabolism)
Perivenous hepatocytes
yellow discoloration of skin due to abnormally high levels of bilirubin in bloodstream. can occur with medical conditions that impair liver function like congestive heart failure.
jaundice
Parenchyma
the functional parts of the liver - hepatocytes
intercalated ducts join to form intralobular ducts, then interlobular ducts, then finally the main or accessory pancreatic ducts
interlobular pancreatic duct - note: cuboidal epithelium becomes columnar epithelium in duct system.
Fenestrated Cpilaries
Pancreas, Small Intestine. Have pores that are spanned by a diaphragm of fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse.
outside of stroma a space between connectuve tissue stroma and parenchyma of liver (hepatocytes). Fluid in perisinusodal flows to this space and is the origin of the lymph vessels.
periportal space of Mall
veins found at the center of a “classic” hepatic lobule. They receive the blood mixed in the liver sinusoids and return it to circulation via the hepatic vein.
central vein of liver (or central venules)
adventitia of Gallbladder
loose connective tissue attaches to Glisson’s capsule non attached is serosa, portion attached to liver has adventitia.
Cuboid exocrine cells.
Centroacinar cells - pale nucleus, basal membranes have receptors for secretin from duodenum. Located at center of pancreatic acinus. Produce alkaline fluid to keep digestive enzymes inactive until they reach the duodenum.
portal lobule
triangular; centered on a portal triad, bile secretion. 3 central veins in periphery, bile drinas to center, blood to periphery.
classical lobule
hexagonal; central vein central. Six portal areas in periphery, blood drains centrally, bile drains to periphery, separated by septa.
