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Histology > Histology - Cardiac Development > Flashcards

Histology - Cardiac Development Flashcards

1
Q

Inflow chambers (RA/LA) located

A

posteriorly & to the right.

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1
Q

Apex of heart to right side due to abnormal cardiac looping. Can occur alone or with Situs Inversus.

A

Dextrocardia

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1
Q

Week 8

A

Formation of Atrioventricular Valves (AV) Completed

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1
Q

Truncus arteriosus (TA) gives rise to

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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1
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

caused by excessive resorption of septum primum and/or secundum.

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2
Q

Sinus venosus (R sinus horn) becomes…

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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3
Q

Chordae tendinae and Papillary muscles originate from…

A

hollowed out Ventricular Wall

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3
Q

4th aortic arch becomes

A

on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of right subclavian artery. (4 limbs; systemic)

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4
Q

Outgrowths of conotruncal walls that fuse to form Aorticopulmonary septum. Originate from neural crest and endothelial cells (E-M transformation)

A

Conotruncal Cushions (CTCs)

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5
Q

A transcription factor from the primitive node that is swept to the left side of the embryo. It induces lateral plate mesoderm to form left-side structures by promoting expression of Pitx2.

A

Nodal

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6
Q

Bulbus cordis becomes

A

ight ventricle (trabeculated portion)

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7
Q

Right horn of SV gives rise to

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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8
Q

Completed by end of Week 4. Results in adult heart orientation, and differentiation of heart tube regions (precursors of adult heart structures).

A

Cardiac looping

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8
Q

“Up-growth” of muscular wall of primitive ventricle toward the fused ECs. Tissue from the anterior endocardial cushion proliferates, growing superiorly to meet the downward growing conotruncal septum.

A

Formation of Interventricular septum

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9
Q

Formed from four endocardial cushions (thickenings) at the near end of the truncus arteriosus.

A

semilunar valve formation

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10
Q

primitive ventircle gives rise to

A

Trabeculated left and right ventricles

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12
Q
  1. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) 2. Other atrial septal defects (ASDs)
A

Anomalies of Interatrial Septum formation

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12
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus (SV) gives rise to

A

Coronary sinus

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12
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to

A

CVS

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13
Q

developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development.

A

aorticopulmonary (spiral, conotruncal) septum

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15
Q

Migrate to outflow tract to stimulate the SHF that contributes to cardiac looping, contribute to cushion tissue for hart partition, and contribute to semilunar valve formation.

A

Neural crest cells associated with pharyngeal arches 3,4,6

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16
Q

3rd aortic arch becomes

A

common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery. (C is 3rd letter of alphabet)

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17
Q

EARLY WEEK 4. Cells migrate from the tissues on the surface of the septum transversum & sinus horns near the inflow vessels to form the epicardium. HEART BEGINS TO BEAT!

A

Heart (endocardial) tube fusion

17
Q

Outflow (AA & PT) located

A

Anteriorly

18
Q

6th aortic arch becomes

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus.

20
Q

a subset of cells that undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube) where they will “swell”, and give rise to the heart’s valves and septa.

A

endocardial cushions

21
Q

Partition of the right and left ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

23
Q

Form from bulges in the wall of the Conotruncal region during AP septum formation, with valve leaflets are hollowed from the cushion tissue forming semilunar valve.

A

semilunar valve formation

25
Q

left atrium arises from…

A

the gradual incorporation of the pulmonary veins into its posterior wall

25
Q

Umbilical vein

A

(1)-supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus; drains into IVC.

26
Q

Primitive atrium becomes…

A

Rough part of right atrium (pectinate muscles), both R & L auricles.

27
Q

right atrium comes from…

A

the right horn and transverse portion of the sinus venosus

28
Q

Directs cardiac looping

A

Pitx2

28
Q

endocardial cushions formed (3)

A
  1. Anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal) 2. Right/left (not shown) 3. Right/left conotruncal (swellings or ridges)
30
Q

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

A

Anomalies of the Interventricular septum

30
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

(2)-return deoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries to placenta.

31
Q

Primitive atria gives rise to

A

Trabeculated left and right atrium

32
Q

Fused Anterior and Posterior Endocardial Cushions (center), Right and Left Endocardial Cushions (sides)

A

Formation of Atrioventricular (mitral) Valves

34
Q

R & L sides each with own portion of pericardial cavity fuse into one tube surrouded by pericardial cavity in week 3 and 4!

A

Fusion of dorsal aortae

36
Q

AV & SL Valve abnormalities

A

Atresia (absence), Stenosis (narrowing)

37
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

pulmonary-to­ systemic shunt. Deoxygenated blood from the SVC is expelled into the pulmonary artery and ___ to lower body.

39
Q

Formation of the atrioventricular septum

A
  1. Anterior & posterior endocardial cushions bulge into the the AV canal growing toward each other until they fuse, dividing the lumen of the AV canal into right and left halves.
41
Q

What happens at birth.

A

infant takes a breath; decreased resistance in pulmonary vasculature causes an increase left atrial pressure vs. right atrial pressure; foramen ovale closes (now called fossa ovalis); increase in 02 leads to decrease, in prostaglandins, causing closure of ductus arteriosus.

43
Q

Boundary between Primative Atrium and & Sinus Venosus derivatives

A

Crista terminalis

44
Q

Trabeculated part of left ventricle (main part) comes from…

A

Primitive ventricle

45
Q

affects cilia development in the primitive node - forms left-sweeping cilia

A

FGF8

46
Q

a foramen in the septum primum.

A

Foramen secundum

47
Q

Partitions the primitive atrium, formed on the left side and rather thin and flimsy.

A

Septum primum

48
Q

Bulbus cordis gives rise to

A

Right ventricle and smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricle

49
Q

Partitions the primitive atrium, formed on the right side. Thick and firm.

A

Septum secundum

51
Q

Separates the primitive atrium into right and left atrium. Involves 2 septa and 3 three foramena.

A

Interatrial septum

51
Q

Inferior edge of Aorticopulmonary Septum grows downward to meet the the membranous portion of the interventricular septum (IVS).

A

Closure of the IV Septum

53
Q

foramen ovale

A

Diverts most blood from the IVC and into the right atrium to the left atrium and out to the aorta.

54
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Conducts blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein into the IVC to bypass hepatic circulation.

55
Q

Truncus arteriosus + Conus cordis (outflow, arterial)

A

Conotruncal region

56
Q

later in 3rd week after primary heart field formation has begun additional cardiogenic cells are recruited from viseral mesoderm medial to PHF.

A

Secondary Heart Field development

57
Q

foramen secundum

A

Perforations in septum primum, maintains right-to-left shunt as septum secundum begins to grow.

Histology (33 decks)

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