Hepatitis A virus

Question 1

Hepatitis A virus

Answer 1

Picornaviridare “ Infection hepatitis”

Question 2

Hepatitis B virus

Answer 2

Hepadnaviridae “Serum Hepatitis”

Question 3

Hepatitis C Virus

Answer 3

Flaviridae “Serum Heptatitis”

Question 4

Hepatitis D virus

Answer 4

Satellite, co-infect with HBV

Question 5

Hepatitis E virus

Answer 5

no family established, “infections hepatitis”

Question 6

Hepatitis F and G

Answer 6

no family established; Flaviviridae

Question 7

Primary causes of Chronic liver disease

Answer 7

Hepatitis C; Alcohol; Hepatitis C + Alcohol; Unknown;

Question 8

Hepatitis A, acute or chronic

Answer 8

• acute infection, not chronic

- most common vaccine preventable diseases in the world

Question 9

Genome of Hepatitis A

Answer 9

• Single stranded
• Positive
• RNA
• viral protein on the 5’ end

Question 10

Capsid structure of Hepatitis A

Answer 10

• icosahedral

- 4 viral polypeptides(VP1-VP4)

Question 11

Envelope of Hepatitis A

Answer 11

-does not contain one

Question 12

Family of Hepatitis A

Answer 12

Picornavirus

Question 13

Hepatitis A is stable in what kind of conditions?

Answer 13

• acid at pH 1
• solvents
• detergents
• salt water, groundwater(months)
• drying
• cold(3C) and high(61C) temperature

Question 14

Inactivation of Hepatitis A by?

Answer 14

• chlorine treatment
• Formalin
• Peracetic acid
• Beta propiolactone
• UV

Question 15

Replication process of Hepatitis A

Answer 15

1. Receptor binding
2. RNA uncoating
3. Translation and proteolytic processing
4. RNA processing
5. Virion assembly
6. Maturation and release

Question 16

Incubation of Acute Hepatitis

Answer 16

-period is 2 to 6 weeks, mean of 4 wks

Question 17

Prodrome phase of Acute hepatitis

Answer 17

• mild flu like
• anorexia, nausea, vomiting
• fatigue, malaise, myalgia, headache
• low grade fever

Question 18

Icteric phase of Acute hepatitis

Answer 18

• dark urine; pale stool
• jaundice
• abdominal pain
• itch(pruritus)

Question 19

Recovery of acute hepatitis

Answer 19

• symptoms generally wane during jaundice period

- complete recovery 99% of the time

Question 20

Physical appearance of jaundice

Answer 20

• aka Icterus

- yellowing of skin, conjunctiva, mucous membrane

Question 21

Cause of jaundice

Answer 21

-increased levels of bilirubin(unconjugated)

Question 22

Normal process of death of RBCs

Answer 22

1. heme converted to bilirubin in spleen and hepatocytes
2. bilirubin processed by liver, becomes conjugated
3. enters bile and excreted via feces

Question 23

Conjugated bilirubin excretion method

Answer 23

-water soluble and excreted via kidneys

Question 24

Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A

Answer 24

• ingestion
• replication in oropharynx/GI
• transported to liver
• shed in bile, transported to intestines
• shed in feces
• brief viremia
• cellular immune response

Question 25

Hepatitis Virus course

Answer 25

• ALT(alanine transaminase) highest 1 month after exposure
• IgM antiHAV increases then decreases 1-5months
• Total antiHAV log growth increase after 1month

Question 26

Epidemiology of Hepatitis A

Answer 26

• close personal contact
• contaminated food, water
• blood exposure

Question 27

Prevalence of antibodies for hepatitis A

Answer 27

• highest in N.A., Australia, Western Europe

- lowest everywhere else

Question 28

Diagnosis of hepatitis A

Answer 28

-detection of HAV-IgM in serum

Question 29

Diagnosis of past infection of hepatitis A

Answer 29

-detection of HAV-IgG in serum

Question 30

HAV IgG/ HAV IgM interpretations

Answer 30

(+/+) - acute HAV infection
(-/+) - acute HAV infection, but early phase
(+/-) - no acute HAV infection, immunity
(-/-) - no acute HAV infection, no immunity

Question 31

Control of Hepatitis A

Answer 31

• infected people immune for life *
• good hygiene, block transmission
• passive or active immunization

Question 32

Hepatitis A vaccinations

Answer 32

-present and 3 types