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MRCP Infectious Diseases > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis A incubation period

A

2-4 weeks

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2
Q

Type of virus found in Hepatitis A

A

RNA picornavirus

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3
Q

Spread of Hepatitis A

A

faecal-oral spread

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4
Q

Can Hep A cause chronic disease?

A

No

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5
Q

Clinical features of Hep A

A
  • flu-like prodrome
  • RUQ pain
  • tender hepatomegaly
  • jaundice
  • deranged LFTs
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6
Q

A vaccine against Hep A exists. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

How long after the initial Hep A vaccine should you have a booster?

A

6-12 months later

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8
Q

Who should receive Hep A vaccination?

A
  • Travelling to prevalent area
  • chronic liver disease
  • haemophilia
  • MSM
  • IVDU
  • Occupational risk (Lab, sewage worker, large residential area, work with primates)
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9
Q

Hepatitis B incubation period

A

6-20 weeks.

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10
Q

Type of virus found in Hep B

A

double-stranded DNA hepadnavirus

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11
Q

Hep B spread

A
  • infected blood or body fluids
  • vertical transmission from mother to child
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12
Q

Clinical features of Hep B

A

fever
jaundice
elevated liver transaminases.

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13
Q

Complications of Hep B infection

A
  • chronic hepatitis
  • liver failure
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • glomerulonephritis
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • cryoglobulinaemia
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14
Q

When are children in the UK vaccinated against Hep B?

A

2, 3 and 4 months of age

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15
Q

What at risk groups should be vaccinated against Hep B

A
  • healthcare workers
  • IVDU
  • sex workers
  • prisoners
  • family contacts of an individual with Hep B
  • regular blood transfusions
  • CKD who may need RRT
  • chronic liver disease patients
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16
Q

Management of Hep B

A

1st line: pegylated interferon-alpha

Other antiretrovirals:
- tenofovir
- entecavir
- telbivudine

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17
Q

Groups at risk of Hep C infection

A

IVDU
blood transfusion prior to 1991 (e.g. haemophiliacs).

18
Q

What type of virus is Hep C

A

RNA flavivirus

19
Q

Transmission of Hep C

A

Blood/body fluid
Vertical transmission

20
Q

Incubation period of Hep C

A

6-9 weeks

21
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep C?

A

No

22
Q

Clinical features of Hep C

A

Asymptomatic in some
Transient rise in LFTs
jaundice
fatigue
arthralgia

23
Q

Diagnostic investigation for Hep C

A

HCV RNA
- anti-HCV antibodies

24
Q

Chronic hepatitis C may be defined as the persistence of HCV RNA in the blood for how long?

A

6 months

25
Q

Complications of chronic Hep C

A
  • arthralgia/arthritis
  • Sjogren’s
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatocellular cancer
  • cryoglobulinaemia
  • porphyria cutanea tarda
  • glomerulonephritis
26
Q

Management of Chronic Hep C

A
  • depends on viral genotype
  • combination of protease inhibitors

(e.g. daclatasvir + sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir + simeprevir) with or without ribavirin are used

27
Q

Complications/ side-effects of treatment for chronic Hep C

A

ribavirin
- haemolytic anaemia
- cough
- teratogenic

interferon alpha
- flu-like symptoms
- depression
- fatigue
- leukopenia/thrombocytopenia

28
Q

What type of virus is Hep D?

A

single stranded RNA virus

=> incomplete RNA virus that requires hepatitis B surface antigen to complete its replication and transmission cycle

29
Q

Transmission of Hep D

A
  • similar to Hep B
    => exchange of bodily fluids

patients may be infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis D at the same time.

30
Q

Difference between coinfection and superinfection

A

Co-infection: Hep B + D infection at same time

Superinfection: Patient with Hep subsequently develops a Hep D infection.

31
Q

Superinfection of Hep D on top of Hep B brings a higher risk of what complications?

A
  • fulminant hepatitis
  • chronic hepatitis
  • cirrhosis
32
Q

Diagnostic test for Hep D

A
  • reverse polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis D RNA
33
Q

Treatment currently used for Hep D

A

Interferon (poor evidence base)

34
Q

What type of virus is Hepatitis E?

A

RNA hepevirus

35
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis E

A

faecal-oral route

35
Q

Incubation period of Hep E

A

3-8 weeks

36
Q

In what areas is Hep E prevalent?

A

Central and South-East Asia,
North and West Africa,

37
Q

Can Hep E cause chronic disease or lead to an increased risk of cancer?

A

No

38
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep E?

A

vaccine is currently in development, but is not yet in widespread use

39
Q
A

MRCP Infectious Diseases (73 decks)

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