Antivirals Flashcards
Guanosine analogues inhibiting viral DNA polymerase
aciclovir
Ganciclovir
What viruses is aciclovir used to treat?
Herpes SImplex (HSV)
Varicella Zoster (VZV)
What virus is ganciclovir used to treat?
CMV
Guanosine analogue which interferes with the capping of viral mRNA
Ribavirin
- for chronic Hep C
and RSV
Side effect of aciclovir
Crystalline Nephropathy
Side effect of ganciclovir
Myelosuppression/
Agranulocytosis
Which antiviral causes Haemolytic anaemia
Ribavirin
MOA of Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
Inhibits neuraminidase
Other antivirals used to treat flu
Amantadine (also used for Parkinsons)
Side effects of amantadine
Confusion
Ataxia
slurred speech
Pyrophosphate analogue which inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Foscarnet
For what viruses is Foscarnet used?
CMV
HSV (if not responding to aciclovir)
Side effects of Foscarnet
Nephrotoxicity
hypocalcaemia, hypomagnasaemia
seizures
MOA of interferon alpha
inhibit synthesis of mRNA
Viruses treated with interferon alpha
Chronic hepatitis B & C
hairy cell leukaemia
Side effects of interferon alpha
Flu-like symptoms
anorexia
myelosuppression
Antiviral used for CMV retinitis in HIV
Cidofovir
Side effect of Cidofovir
Nephrotoxicity
What are the 3 types of antiretroviral agents used in HIV treatment
Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
e.g. zidovudine (AZT), didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, zalcitabine
Protease inhibitors (PI)
[inhibits protease needed for virus to live outside cell]
e.g. indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
examples: nevirapine, efavirenz
