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MRCP Infectious Diseases > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic vs bactericidal

A

Bacteriostatic
- limit growth by interfering with protein production, DNA replication, or other aspects cellular metabolism

Bactericidal - kill bacteria directly by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

Give 3 examples of bactericidal antibiotics

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoin
metronidazole
quinolones
rifampicin
isoniazid

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

chloramphenicol
macrolides
tetracyclines
sulphonamides
trimethoprim

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4
Q

What group of antibiotics inhibit cell wall formation? (i.e. Bactericidal)

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
(beta-lactams)

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5
Q

What groups of antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis? (i.e. bacteriostatic)

A

aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol
macrolides
tetracyclines
fusidic acid

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6
Q

What antibiotics inhibit DNA synthesis?

A

quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
metronidazole
sulphonamides
trimethoprim

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7
Q

What specific antibiotic inhibits RNA synthesis?

A

Rifampicin

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8
Q

What group of antibiotics bind to 30S subunit causing misreading of mRNA?

A

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)

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9
Q

What group of antibiotics binds to 30S subunit blocking binding of aminoacyl-tRNA

A

Tetracyclines

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10
Q

What antibiotic alone binds to 50S subunit, inhibiting peptidyl transferase

A

Chloramphenicol

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11
Q

What antibiotic group binds to the 50S subunit, inhibiting translocation

A

Macrolides

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12
Q

What antibiotics can cause Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

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13
Q

What antibiotics can cause Discolouration of teeth and photosensitivity

A

Tetracyclines

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14
Q

What antibiotic can cause aplastic anaemia?

A

Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

What macrolide can cause C-Diff?

A

Clindamycin

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16
Q

What other side effects do macrolides have?

A

Nausea (especially erythromycin)
P450 inhibitor => interactions
prolonged QT interval

17
Q

Cephalosporins are a type of beta-lactam antibiotic. How do they work?

A

Bacteriocidal
disrupt cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking

18
Q
A

MRCP Infectious Diseases (73 decks)

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