Helminthes study guide number 2 Flashcards
Microscopic, multicellular eukaryotic worms. Many of which are pathogenic
Helminthes
Each worm has both sex organs
Monocious
Male and female sex organs in different worms
Dioecious
Parasite Helminthes divided into 3 groups
Cestodes
Trematodes
Nematodes
Phylum Platyhelminthes; Class Cestoda include
Cestodes Teania Saginata Taenia Solium Echinococcus granulosus Diphyllobothrium Latum
Cestodes are _________ animals
Acoelomate
Cestodes are composed of Scolex and a body these can be defined as
Scolex-Like a head; has hooks at the top to attach to tissues (No mouth)
Body-Is flat and long; made of proglottid; has both sexes inside
Mature are found in cestoda; these can be defined as
(Middle proglottid) working reproductive structures
Gravid are found in cestoda; theses can be defined as
(End of proglottid) filed with fertilized eggs, ready to infect new host; Gravid proglottids break off, pass through feces
Teania saginata is also known as
Beef tapeworm
What is the definitive host of the Teania Saginata
Humans
Life cycle of the Teania saginata
- Humans are the definitive Host
- Humans shed eggs and egg filled proglottids
- Cows eat the eggs (Alternate Host)
- Eggs hatch in the cow and become immature larvae called cysticercus
Taenia Solium is also known as
Pork Tapeworm
Taenia Solium is made of __________ and pass them via _________.
Proglottids
Fecal Matter
What is the definitive host for the Taenia Solium
Humans
Echinococcus granulosus is also known as the
Dog tapework
The echinococcus granulosus has only ____ proglottids
3
Who is the definitive host of the Echinococcus Granulosus
The Dog
Life Cycle of the Echinococcus Granulosus
- The adult lives in the intestines of the dog
- Sheds eggs (poop) and herbivores eat the eggs
Occasionally humans can ingest food contaminated by dog feces and ingest larvae which forms ________.
Hydatid cysts
Diphyllobothrium Latum is also known as the
Fish Tape Worm
Who is the definitive host of the Diphyllobothrium Latum
Humans (gut)
Life cycle of the Diphyllobothrium Latum
- Eggs exit feces into water
- Eggs hatch and coracisium larvae come out
- Coracidium are eaten by copepods (alternate host)
- Copepods are eaten by fish
- Larval form develops in the fish muscle
- Humans eat the fish
Phylum Platyhelminthes; Class Trematoda (The flukes)
-Trematoda
-Fasciola Hepatice
-Clonorchis sinensis
The blood Flukes
-Schistosoma species
Acoelomate (Trematoda)
No body cavity
- Oral Sucker
- An incomplete Digestive system (No Anus)
- *Pharynx
- *Muscular Esophagus
- *Two long unbranched intestines down both sides
- Hermaphroditic (monoecious)
- *Large testis
- *Uterus
- *Small ovaries
Characteristics of typical Trematode
Features of Fluck
Oral Sucker Ventral Sucker Eggs in Coiled Uterus Intestines Ovary Branched Testes
Fasciola Hepatice is also known as the
Liver fluke
To Aquire Liver fluke
Get from eating aquatic vegetation such as watercress
Pathology of the fasciola Hepatice
- Excystment occurs in intestines
- Larvae go from intestine to liver
- Fluke feed on liver cells and RBC while in liver
- Go to bile ducts and replace tissue with fibrous tissue. *Can result in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abscess on the liver
Causes liver damage and necrosis (death of tissue)
Live Fluke or Fasciola Hepatice
Clonorchis Sinensis is also known as
Chinese liver Fluke
Who is the definitive host of the Clonorchis Sinensis
Humans
The Clonorchia Sinensis has a intermediate and alternate host
Intermediate; Snail
Alternate; Fish
Clonorchis sinensis pathology
- Fluke erode the bile ducts
- Thickening and occlusions of the bile duct
- Interferes with liver function
- Eggs released feces, then hatch into miracidia in H20
- The Miracidia then penetrate snails, then burrow out and penetrate fish
- Humans then become infected by eating undercooked fish
There are 3 types of Blood Flukes:
Shistosoma Mansoni
Shistosoma Japonicum
Shistosoma Haematobium
The blood fluke have
two different sexes (Diecious)
Shistosoma Mansoni and Japonicum
Live in vessels surrounding the intestines
Shistosoma Haematobium
Live in vessels arround the bladder
Simple life cycle of the Shistosoma
- Eggs exit in the urine or feces
- In water eggs hatch into Miracidium, which enters snail
- Cercariea develop, and exit out of snail, penetrate skin of humans and burrow into host
Phylum Nematoda; Class Secernentea
Round worms
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Necator Americanus
Enterobius Vermicularis
Class Secernentea is known as
Round worm
Round worm have a ________ digestive tract
Complete
False body cavity
Pseudocelmate
- Their body is a cavity filled with fluid surrounded by muscle
- Flex the muscle to move the fluid this opens and closes their mouth
Round worms
There are 12,000 species named so far
—some specialists think there are up to 500,000
Round worm
They infect Vertebrates and invertebrates
-They are found in water and soil
Round worms
Roundworm exhibit
Mouth —-> Pharynx —> Long intestine —-> Anus
Roundworms are mostly found as two different sexes
(Diecious)
Ascaris Lumbricoides is also know as the
Round Work Disease
Who are the definitive host for Ascaris Lumbricoides
Humans (Intestines)
Life cycle for Ascaris Lumbricoides
- Adult worm lives in the human intestine
- Eggs are released in feces
- Eggs get on food and water and are ingested by humans hatch in duodenom
Necator Americanus is also known as
Hook Worms
Juveniles can burrow through your feet
Hook to the intestines and drink blood
They have large plates in their mouth
Juveniles can survive in the soil for weeks
Get from walking on soil with fecal material
Hook worms
Pathology of Necator Americanus
- Eggs in feces
- Hatch in soil
- Burrow into your feet
- Get into the blood vessels and travel to heart then to lungs and trachea
- Larvae are swallowed then travel back to the intestines
Enterobius Vermicularis is also known as the
Pin worm
Who is the definitive host to Enterobius Vermicularis
Humans (Intestines)
Live cycle for the Enterobius Vermicularis
Live in the intestines
- Females lays eggs, becomes irritable and itchy
- Scratching disperses eggs in fingernails, clothes and bedding, people ingest the eggs to get infected
