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Microbiology > Helminthes Lab exam 1 > Flashcards

Helminthes Lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Macroscopic, Multicellular eukaryotic worms. Many of which are pathogenic

A

Helminthes

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2
Q

Each worm has both sex organs (Hermaphrodites)

A

Monoecious

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3
Q

Male & female sex organs in different worms

A

Dioecious

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4
Q

Parasitic Helminthes divided into 3 groups

A
  • Cestodes
  • Trematodes
  • Nematodes
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5
Q

Tapenia Saginata is commonly referred to as the

A

Beef Tapeworm

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6
Q

The Definitive host of taeria saginata is the

A

Human

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7
Q

Parasitic worms which have both male and female sex organs are referred to as

A

Dioecious

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8
Q

The portion of proglottid that is filled with eggs and ready to infect a new host is referred to as a(n)_________

A

Gravid

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9
Q

These are acoelomate animals

  • No real body cavity
  • Lack their own digestive structures, live in intestines of hosts
A

Cestodes

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10
Q

Segmented tapeworms/Flatworms can be up to 60 feet; and have a more complex life cycle

A

Cestodes

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11
Q

Like the head; Has hooks at the top to attach to tissue (No mouth)

A

Scolex

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12
Q

Is flat and long

A

Body

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13
Q

Repetitive segments divide continuously; has both sexes inside (monecious)

A

Proglottid

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14
Q

The portion of the proglottid that has working reproductive structure

A

Mature

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15
Q

Breaks off, passes through feces

A

Gravid

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16
Q

Taenia saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

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17
Q

Eggs in the cow and become immature larvae called

A

Cysticercus

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18
Q

Life cycle of Taenia saginata

A
  • Human are the definitive Host
  • Human shed eggs and egg filled proglottids
  • Cows eat the eggs
  • Eggs hatch in the cow and become immature larve called cysticercus
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19
Q

Taenia solium is also known as the

A

Pork Tapeworm

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20
Q

Made of proglottids and pass them via fecal matter; Humans can get the cysticercus in their muscle

A

Pork tapeworm

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21
Q

The definitive host of the Taenia Solium

A

Humans ( but can also be an intermediate host but not likely)

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22
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Dog Tapeworms

23
Q

Only 3 Proglottids

A

Echinococcus Granulosus

24
Q

Once an immature proglottid is formed, in a Echinococcus Granulosus

A

A gravid proglottid is released

25
Q

Who is the definitive host in Enchinococcus Granulosus

26
Q

LIfecycle: The dog is the definitive host (Enchinococcucs Granulosus)

A 
The adult worm lives in the intestines of the dog
Sheds eggs (poop) and herbivores (ex Cattle) eat the eggs
(Occasionally humans can ingest food contaminated by dog feces and ingest larvae which form hydatid cysts; Dog licks anus, then humans mouth/face)
27
Q

Can rupture and larvae can spread through body

A

Hydatid Cyst

28
Q

The fish tapeworm is also known as

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

29
Q

Can get this by eating raw fish

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

30
Q

Who is the definitive host of the Diphyllobothrium Latum

A

Humans (gut)

31
Q
  • Eggs exit feces into water
  • Eggs hatch and coracidium larvae come out
  • Coracidium are eaten by Copepods (Alternate host)
  • Copepods are eaten by fish
  • Larval form develops in the fish muscle
  • Humans eat the fish (Infect when undercooker)
A

The life cycle of the Diphyllobothrium latum

32
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematodas include

A
  • Trematoda
  • Fasciola Hepatice
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Schistosoma species
33
Q

In Trematoda it does not contain a body cavity this is known as

A

Acoelomate

34
Q

Characteristics of typical Trematode

A
  • Oral Sucker
  • An incomplete Digestive system (No anus)
  • -Pharynx
  • -Muscular esophagus
  • -Two long unbranched intestines down both sides
  • Hermaphroditic (Monecious)
  • -Large testis
  • -Uterus
  • -Small overies
35
Q

Features of the Fluke Morphology

A
  • Oral sucker
  • Ventral sucker
  • Eggs in coiled uterus
  • Intestines
  • Ovary
  • Branched testes
36
Q

Trematodes have a complicated life cycle which it starts with the

A

Human

  • The egg leave the human into water
  • The egg hatch into miracidium free swimming ciliated larva
  • Then it enters the snail
37
Q

(Trematodes part 2) Miracidium

A

in snails become sporocysts, and reproduce asexually forming cercariae

38
Q

(Trematodes part 3) Cercariae

A

Emerge from snail and enter a new intermediate host, human, plant, and or fish, mollusks or crustaceans (depends on type of trematode)

39
Q

(Trematodes part 4) When on the vegetation or in second host they encyst and become _______________, when they get eaten and move to definitive host

A

Metacercariae

40
Q

Liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

41
Q

Get from eating aquatic vegetation such as watercress

A

Fasciola Hepatica (liver fluke)

42
Q

Pathology of the Fasciola hepatica

A
  • Excystment occurs in intestines
  • Larvae go from intestine to liver
  • Flukes feed on liver cells and RBC while in liver
  • Go to bile ducts and replaces tissue with fibrous tissue. can result in abdominal pain, diarrhea and abscess on the liver
43
Q

Causes liver damage and necrosis (Death of tissue)

A

Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

44
Q

Chinese liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

45
Q

Who is the definitive host in the clonorchis sinensis

46
Q

Clonorchis has intermediate host and alternate host

A

Snail is the intermediate

Fish is an alternate

47
Q

Clonorchis sinensis pathology

A
  • Flukes erode the bile ducts
  • Thickening and Occlusions of the bile duct
  • Interferes with liver function
  • Egg released into feces, then hatch into miracidia in H2O
  • The miracidia then penetrate snails, then burrow out and penetrate fish
  • Humans then become infected by eating undercooked fish
48
Q

These can penetrate directly into your skin enter blood vessels

  • Have two different sexes (Diecious)
  • Females lay eggs with spine that attach to blood vessels
A

Blood Flukes

49
Q

3 types of Blood Fluke

A

Shistasoma mansoni

  • Shistasome Japonicum
  • Shistasome Haematobium
50
Q

Shitasome Mansoni

A

Live in vessels surrounding the intestines

51
Q

Shistasome Japonicum

A

Live in vessels surrounding the intestines

52
Q

Shistasoma Haematobium

A

Live in vessels around the bladder

53
Q

Life cycle of Shistosoma

A
  • Eggs exit in the urine or feces
  • in water eggs hatch into miracidium, which enters snails
  • Cercariea develop, and exit out of snail penetrate skin of human and burrow into host

Microbiology (26 decks)

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