Adaptive Immunity Chapter 16 Flashcards
Is the body’s ability to recognize and mount a specific defense against distinct invaders and their products
Adaptive immunity
5 attribute of adaptive immunity
Specificity Inducibility Clonality Unresponsiveness to self Memory
Acts against 1 particular moelcular shape
Specificity
Activate only in response to specific pathogens
Inducibility
Cells of adaptive immunity don’t attack normal body cells
Unresponsiveness to self
Cells of adaptive immunity have “memory” and can respond faster in subsequent encounter
Memory
Lymphocytes activity responsible for
Adaptive immunity
2 main types (formation starts in red bone marrow)
B-Lymphocytes
T-Lymphocytes
Mature in the Bone marrow
B-cells
Mature in the thymus
T-Cells
2 types of adaptive immune response
Humoral immune responses
Cells-mediated immune responses
Descendents of B-cells; secrete antibodies to attack extracellular pathogens (fluids)
Humoral immune responses
Descendents of T-cells attacks intracellular pathogens (doesn’t involve antibodies)
Cell-Mediated immune responses
The tissues and organs of the lymphatic system
screen the tissue of the body for foreign antigens
-composed of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic cells, tissues, and organs
System that conducts lymph one-way from tissues and return it to the circulatory system
Lymphatic vessels
Liquid with similar composition to blood plasma
Lymph
Arises from fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues
Lymph
Redbone marrow and thymus
Primary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes is part of the
Secondary lymphoid organs
Filter lymph interactions of wbcs, wbc division
Lymph nodes
Secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
Filters blood, removes microbes
Spleen
Traps foreign particles and microbes
Tonsils
Appendix, lymphoid tissue in respiratory tract, vagina, mammary glands, and small intestines (peyers patches)
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
Molecules the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of attack (trigger an immune response)
Properties of antigens
Examples of properties of antigens
Components of cell wall, caspsule, pili, flagella, surface, proteins, allergens, pollen, dust, and some food
Antigens recongnized by three-dimensional regions called
epitopes
Molecules too small to have antigenic properties, unless bound by a larger molecule (protein)
Haptens
toxins, secretions, compomemts of cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili
Exogenous antigens
Molecules from pathogens that reproduce inside of a host cell (therefore only recognized if antigens are incorporated on cytoplasmic membrane)
Endogenous antigens
Molecules derived from normal cellular processes
Auto-Antigens
Arise and mature in the red bone marrow
Found primarily in the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT
Small percentage of B-cells circulate in the blood
B-cells and Antibodies
Major function of B-cells is the
Secretin of antibodies
B-cell receptor include
4 polypeptide chair 2 heavy chains 2 light chains 2 arms (w/ variable regions) transmembrane protein
Immunoglobulin’s similar to BCRs
Antibodies
Antibodies are secreted by activated B-cells called
Plasma cells
Antibodies have identical antigen-binding sites and antigen specificty as the
BCR of the activated B-cell
Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes
Antibody functions
Antibody functions
Activation Neutralization Opsonization Killing by oxidation Aggluination
Of complement cascade and inflammation
Activation
Bind to critical portion of toxin
Neutralization
Stimulate phagocytosis
Opsonization
Catalyze H2O, kills bacteria
Killing by oxidation
Clump together
Agglutination
Anitbies coat target cell, NK cells bind to Fc region of antibody and lyse target cell using Perforin and granzyme
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
B-Lymphocyes (B-cells) and anitibodies
- Classes of antibodies (some levels of immune response variable)
- Class involved in the immun response depends on the type of antigen, portal of entry and antibody finction needed
First anitbody produced, some in cytoplasmic membrance as BCR, secreted as immune response
IgM
Most commone and longest-lasting antibody, can leave blood vessels, present in inflammation, cross the placenta
IgG
Associated with body secretions, mucous membranes, mammary glands, can pass to offspring/Breakmilk
IgA
Acts as signals, attach to receptors (eosinophils) and trigger an immune response to parasitic infections and alleries
IgE
Exact functions is not known
IgD
Produced in the red bone marrow and mature in the thymus
T-Cells
Circulate in the lymph and blood and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and peyer’s patches
T-cells
Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes
T-cells
Have T-cell receptors (TCRs) on their cytoplamic membrane each TCR unquie to each T-cells Variations between T-cells
T-Cells
TCRs do not recognize epitopes directly, they only bind epitpes associates with a MHC
-TCRs act primarily against cells that harbor intracellular pathogen
Specificity of the T-Cells Receptors (TCR)
