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Microbiology > Adaptive Immunity Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is the body’s ability to recognize and mount a specific defense against distinct invaders and their products

A

Adaptive immunity

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2
Q

5 attribute of adaptive immunity

A 
Specificity
Inducibility
Clonality
Unresponsiveness to self
Memory
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3
Q

Acts against 1 particular moelcular shape

A

Specificity

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4
Q

Activate only in response to specific pathogens

A

Inducibility

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5
Q

Cells of adaptive immunity don’t attack normal body cells

A

Unresponsiveness to self

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6
Q

Cells of adaptive immunity have “memory” and can respond faster in subsequent encounter

A

Memory

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7
Q

Lymphocytes activity responsible for

A

Adaptive immunity

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8
Q

2 main types (formation starts in red bone marrow)

A

B-Lymphocytes

T-Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Mature in the Bone marrow

A

B-cells

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10
Q

Mature in the thymus

A

T-Cells

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11
Q

2 types of adaptive immune response

A

Humoral immune responses

Cells-mediated immune responses

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12
Q

Descendents of B-cells; secrete antibodies to attack extracellular pathogens (fluids)

A

Humoral immune responses

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13
Q

Descendents of T-cells attacks intracellular pathogens (doesn’t involve antibodies)

A

Cell-Mediated immune responses

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14
Q

The tissues and organs of the lymphatic system

A

screen the tissue of the body for foreign antigens

-composed of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic cells, tissues, and organs

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15
Q

System that conducts lymph one-way from tissues and return it to the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

Liquid with similar composition to blood plasma

A

Lymph

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17
Q

Arises from fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues

A

Lymph

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18
Q

Redbone marrow and thymus

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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19
Q

Lymph nodes is part of the

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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20
Q

Filter lymph interactions of wbcs, wbc division

A

Lymph nodes

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21
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

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22
Q

Filters blood, removes microbes

A

Spleen

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23
Q

Traps foreign particles and microbes

A

Tonsils

24
Q

Appendix, lymphoid tissue in respiratory tract, vagina, mammary glands, and small intestines (peyers patches)

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

25
Q

Molecules the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of attack (trigger an immune response)

A

Properties of antigens

26
Q

Examples of properties of antigens

A

Components of cell wall, caspsule, pili, flagella, surface, proteins, allergens, pollen, dust, and some food

27
Q

Antigens recongnized by three-dimensional regions called

A

epitopes

28
Q

Molecules too small to have antigenic properties, unless bound by a larger molecule (protein)

A

Haptens

29
Q

toxins, secretions, compomemts of cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili

A

Exogenous antigens

30
Q

Molecules from pathogens that reproduce inside of a host cell (therefore only recognized if antigens are incorporated on cytoplasmic membrane)

A

Endogenous antigens

31
Q

Molecules derived from normal cellular processes

A

Auto-Antigens

32
Q

Arise and mature in the red bone marrow
Found primarily in the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT
Small percentage of B-cells circulate in the blood

A

B-cells and Antibodies

33
Q

Major function of B-cells is the

A

Secretin of antibodies

34
Q

B-cell receptor include

A 
4 polypeptide chair
2 heavy chains
2 light chains
2 arms (w/ variable regions)
transmembrane protein
35
Q

Immunoglobulin’s similar to BCRs

A

Antibodies

36
Q

Antibodies are secreted by activated B-cells called

A

Plasma cells

37
Q

Antibodies have identical antigen-binding sites and antigen specificty as the

A

BCR of the activated B-cell

38
Q

Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes

A

Antibody functions

39
Q

Antibody functions

A 
Activation 
Neutralization 
Opsonization 
Killing by oxidation 
Aggluination
40
Q

Of complement cascade and inflammation

A

Activation

41
Q

Bind to critical portion of toxin

A

Neutralization

42
Q

Stimulate phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

43
Q

Catalyze H2O, kills bacteria

A

Killing by oxidation

44
Q

Clump together

A

Agglutination

45
Q

Anitbies coat target cell, NK cells bind to Fc region of antibody and lyse target cell using Perforin and granzyme

A

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

46
Q

B-Lymphocyes (B-cells) and anitibodies

A
  • Classes of antibodies (some levels of immune response variable)
  • Class involved in the immun response depends on the type of antigen, portal of entry and antibody finction needed
47
Q

First anitbody produced, some in cytoplasmic membrance as BCR, secreted as immune response

A

IgM

48
Q

Most commone and longest-lasting antibody, can leave blood vessels, present in inflammation, cross the placenta

A

IgG

49
Q

Associated with body secretions, mucous membranes, mammary glands, can pass to offspring/Breakmilk

A

IgA

50
Q

Acts as signals, attach to receptors (eosinophils) and trigger an immune response to parasitic infections and alleries

A

IgE

51
Q

Exact functions is not known

A

IgD

52
Q

Produced in the red bone marrow and mature in the thymus

A

T-Cells

53
Q

Circulate in the lymph and blood and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and peyer’s patches

A

T-cells

54
Q

Antigen-binding sites are complementary to epitopes

A

T-cells

55
Q

Have T-cell receptors (TCRs) on their cytoplamic membrane each TCR unquie to each T-cells Variations between T-cells

A

T-Cells

56
Q

TCRs do not recognize epitopes directly, they only bind epitpes associates with a MHC
-TCRs act primarily against cells that harbor intracellular pathogen

A

Specificity of the T-Cells Receptors (TCR)

Microbiology (26 decks)

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