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Microbiology > Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Most diverse group of cellular microbes

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

Habitat Ranges of Prokaryotes

A

From Antarctic glaciers - Thermal hotsprings
Animal colons - cytoplasm of other
From distilled water - Superaturated water prokaryotes
from disinfectant solutions - Basalt rocks

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3
Q

Few of all prokaryotes are capable of colonizing

A

Human and causing disease

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4
Q

Coccus

A

Round

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5
Q

Coccobacillus

A

Oval

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6
Q

Bacillus

A

Rob

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7
Q

Vibrio

A

Curved rod

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8
Q

Spirillum

A

Stiff Spiral

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9
Q

All reproduce asexually

A

Reproducation of Prokaryotic cells

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10
Q

3 Main methods of reproduction of prokaryotic cells

A

Binary fission
Snapping divison
Budding

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11
Q

Binary Fission

A

Dna Attaches to cytoplasmic membrane

-Daughter cells may separate, or stay attached

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12
Q

Snapping division, a variation of binary fission

A

Occurs in Gram + bacteria

As new cell develops, the inner portion of the cell wall pushes on outer cell wall eventually snapping into two separate organisms

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13
Q

Well cells divide everything is split _______ in binary fission

A

50-50

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14
Q

Budding

A
  • Out growth, nucleic acid transferred, but enlarges into a new cell
  • The Larger parent cell can continue to produce more buds
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15
Q

Reproductive cells produce spores at the ends of filamentous cells. each can develop into the original organism

A

In Actinomycetes

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16
Q

Some _________ can repoduce by fragmentation into smaller motile fragments that glide away from parental strans (in aquatic environments)

A

Cyanobacteria

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17
Q

(giant Bacteria) in surgeonfish, “give birth” to multiple prokaryotes which emerge from a dead mother cell

A

Epulopiscium

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18
Q

Arrangement of Prokaryotic cells, result from 2 aspects of division during binary fission

A

Planes in which cells divide

Separation of daughter cells

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19
Q

If they seprarate or stay attached

A

Separation of daughter cells

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20
Q

Pairs of cocci

A

Diplococci

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21
Q

Chain of cocci

A

Streptococci

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22
Q

Cocci divdies into 2 planes remaining attached

A

Tetrads

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23
Q

Cocci divides into 3 planes remaining attached, cuboidal packets

A

Sacrinae

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24
Q

Giant clusters, appearance of grape clusters

A

Staphylococci

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25
Q

_______ are less variable in their arrangement , division occurs across transverse plane. May exist __________________.

A

Bacilli

-Singly, as pairs or chains

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26
Q

______ whihc divide by snapping division may result in palisade or V-shaped arrangement

A

Bacilli

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27
Q

Defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions

1-vegetative cell —-> 1 Endospore, 1 endospre —-> vegetative

A

Endospores

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28
Q

Produced by gram-positive

A

Bacillus and clostridium

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29
Q

Location of ______ may be in different locations of cells

A

Endospores

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30
Q

Modern prokaryotic classifications, currently based on gentic relatedness of DNA, RNA (_____) , and protein sequences

31
Q

3 domains of modern prokaryotic classification

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

32
Q

Lack a Nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

33
Q

Common features of Archaea

A

Lack true peptidoglycan
Cell memranes lipids have branched hydrocarbon
AUG codon codes for methionine (same as eukaryotes)

34
Q

Other common features of Archaea

A

Reproduce by binary fission, bdding, or fragmentation
Most are cocci, bacilli, or spiral forms;Pleomorphic forms
Not Known to cause disease

35
Q

3 phyla (based on rRNA

A

Crenarchaeota (thermophile)
Euryachaeta (methanogens)
Korachaeta

36
Q

Neve found, only observed samples of rRna in environment

A

Korachaeta

37
Q

Require extreme conditions to survive; temperature, pH, and/or SAlinity

A

Extremophiles

38
Q

Prominent members of Extremophiles are

A

Thermophiles and halophiles

39
Q

(most in phylum crenarchaeota) DNA, RNA, cytoplasmic membranes, and proteins do not function properly below 45 C

A

Thermophiles

40
Q

Require temperatures over 80C

A

Hyperthermiophiles

41
Q

Two representative genera in thermophiles _______ and ________

A

Geogemma

Pyrodictium

42
Q

extremeophiles / Halophiles:( 1st 2)

A

Inhabit extremely saline habitats

-Depends on greater than 91% NaCl to maintain integrity of cell walls

43
Q

Extremophiles / Halophiles (2nd 2 )

A

Many contain red or orange pigments which may protect from visible and UV light
-Most studies - Halobacterium and Salinarium

44
Q

Largest group of archaea (phylum Euryarcheatoa)

A

Methanogens

45
Q

Convert carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and organic acids to methane (CH4) gas

A

Methanogens

46
Q

COnvert organic waste in pond, lake, and ocean sediments to methane

A

Methanogens

47
Q

some live in colons of animals; one of primry sources of environmental methane

A

Methanogens

48
Q

Scienetists believe these organisms are similar to earliest bacteria

A

Deeply branching bacteria

49
Q

Live in habitats similar to those though to exist on early earth ; autotropic

A

Deeply braching bacteria

50
Q

Represent more primitive forms of bacteria

A

Deeply braching bacteria

51
Q

Phototrophs that contain photosynthetic lamaellae

A

Phototropic bacteria

52
Q

Phototrophs are divided into ___ groups based on their ________________________.

A

5

-Pigments and source of electrons for photosynthesis

53
Q 
blue-green bacteria(cyanobacteria
-green sulfur bacteria
-green nonsulfur bacteria
-purple sulfur bacteria
purple nonsulfur bacteria
A

phototrophs 5 groups

54
Q

Gram negative phototrophs, have chlorophyll a and produce O2

A

Blue-green bacteria

55
Q

have heteorcysts, which are specialized sacs which have enzymes for nitrogen fixation N2 —–> NH2

A

Blue-green bacteria

56
Q

derive e- from H2S (deposit sulfur outside cells)

A

Green sulfur bacteria

57
Q

Derive e- from carbonhydrates, organic acids

A

Green nonsulfur

58
Q

Derive e- from H2S (deposits sulfur inside cells)

A

Purple sulfur bacteria

59
Q

Derive e- from carbohydrates, organic acids

A

Purple nonsulfur bacteria

60
Q

Bacteriochlorophylls anoxygens

A

Green sulfer bacteria
green nonsulfur bacteria
purple sulfur bacteria
purple nonsulfur bacteria

61
Q

Bacteria with guanine and cytosine below 50% in their nucleicacid

A

Low G+C gram-positive bacteria

62
Q

Rod-shaped, obligate anaerobes; important in medicine and industry

A

Clostridia

63
Q

Facultative or obligate anaerobes; lack cell walls, however have sterols in membranes; small free-living cells

A

Mycoplasmas

64
Q

Low G+C Gram positive bacteria

A 
Bacillus 
Listeria 
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus and enterococcus
Staphylococcus
65
Q

Endospre forming aerobes facultative anaerobes, many common in soil; gram-positive bacteria

66
Q

Contaminates milk and meat products (reproduces even if refrigerated) survuves in phaocytes ; gram positive

67
Q

Grows in the body but rarely causes disease (mouth, stomach, intestines vagina); gram positive

A

Lactobacillus

68
Q

Causes numerous disease (ex. Strep throat, impetigo, pneumonia) Gram positive

A

Streptococcus and enterococcus

69
Q

One of the most common inhabitants of humans (skin) may numerous disease gram-positive

A

Staphylococus

70
Q

High G+c gram-postive bacteria

A

Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Actinomycetes

71
Q

Pleomorphic aerobes and facultative anaerobes; produces metachromatic granules (stain differently) High gram-Positve

A

Corynebacterium

72
Q

Aerobic rods that sometimes form filaments; slow growth partly due to mycolic acid in its cell walls high gram positive

A

Mycobacterium

73
Q

from branching filaments resembling fungi (include actinomyces and streptomyces) high gram positive

A

Actinomycetes

Microbiology (26 decks)

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