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hamster Flashcards

1
Q

Syrian Hamster

A

Mesocricetus auratus

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2
Q

Chinese Hamster

A

Cricetulus griseus

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3
Q

Armenian Hamster

A

Cricetulus migratorius

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4
Q

European Hamster

A

Cricetus cricetus

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5
Q

Djungarian (Russian Dwarf) Hamster

A

Phodopus campbelli

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6
Q

Siberian Dwarf Hamster

A

Phodopus sungorus

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7
Q

suborder for hamsters?

A

Myomorpha

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8
Q

anatomical characteristics

A

large cheek pouches, thick bodies, short tails, excess loose skin, only incisiors erupt continuously

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9
Q

Native environment and behavior

A

arid, temperate regions, live deep in tunnels where cooler and more humid. Diurnal activity in wild

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10
Q

activity in laboratory environment

A

nocturnal

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11
Q

origin of Syrian hamster

A

originated from one litter captured in Syria in 1930

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12
Q

Carcinogenesis model

A

1) cheek pouch carcinogenesis oral tumor formation
2) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: nitrosamine
3) SV40: oncogenic virus
4) Human adenovirus: potential cancer therapeutic
5) exogenous estrogen to males leads to renal tumors

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13
Q

Metabolic disease models

A

1) cholesterol cholelithiasis: excess dietary cholesterol or sucrose-rich diet
2) diabetes mellitus: STZ or alloxan
3) Atherosclerosis through dietary manipulation

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14
Q

Cardiovascular models

A

1) cardiomyopathy (DCM and HCM) sarcoglycan gene (dystrophin complex)

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15
Q

Infectious disease models

A

1) Leishmania
2) Hantavirus
3) SARS
4) prions

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16
Q

Gestation length in syrian hamster

A

15-18 days

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17
Q

Weaning

A

21 days

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18
Q

Puberty

A

M 6-8w

F 8-12w

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19
Q

characteristics of the cheek pouch

A

extensively microvascular

immune privilaged

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20
Q

unique characteristics of respiratory system

A

develop centrilobular emphysema when exposed to intratracheal porcine pancreatic elastase- model for COPD

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21
Q

sexual dimorphism of hardarian gland

A

females secreate 10^3 more porforin

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22
Q

diet for hamsters

A

standard rodent diets

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23
Q

T/F Placement of the food on the floor is not allowed for Hamsters.

A

False: IT IS allowed

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24
Q

fluid requirements

A

8.5ml/100g (Low when compared to other species, linked to natural adaptations for water conservation)

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25
Q

Name two unique pharmacological responses seen in hamsters

A

more sensitive to metabolic effects of corticosteroids

less senstive to effects of morphine

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26
Q

length of estrous cycle

A

4 days

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27
Q

best time to mate hamsters

A

third day after postovulatory discharge, copious creamy white opaque viscous discharge

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28
Q

pregnancy determination

A

abdominal distention around 10 days post breeding, absence of postovulatory discharge 5-9 days post breeding (normal estrous cycles)

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29
Q

when does the estrous cycle resume following parturition?

A

1-8 days

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30
Q

hamster weighing 60g or less needs how much space

A

10in^2

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31
Q

hamster weiging over 60g needs how much space

A

13-19in^2

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32
Q

female hamster with litter needs how much space

A

121in^2

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33
Q

height of all hamster cages

A

6in

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34
Q

examples of hamster enrichment

A

nesting material

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35
Q

recommended temperature for hamsters

A

68-79F

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36
Q

light cycle recommendations

A

non breeding 12-14h light

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37
Q

causative agent for proliferative enteritis

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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38
Q

description of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

gram negative nonspore forming, slightly curved rod, obligate intracellular bacterium

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39
Q

clinical signs of proliferative enteritis

A

watery diarrhea, moist, matted fur on the tail, perineum and ventral abdomen

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40
Q

morbidity and mortality for proliferative enteritis

A

high for both

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41
Q

transmission of proliferative enteritis

A

fecal-oral

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42
Q

clinical signs of acute proliferative enteritis

A

hemorrhagic diarrhea

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43
Q

clinical signs of sub-acute proliferative enteritis

A

delayed growth and diarrhea

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44
Q

clinical signs of chronic proliferative enteritis

A

no clinical signs

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45
Q

gross findings of proliferative enteritis

A

segmental thickening and congestion of the ileum, enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes

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46
Q

histopathologic findings of proliferative enteritis

A

hyperplasia of columnar mucosal epithelial cells in the terminal ileum

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47
Q

identification of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Warthin starry stain

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48
Q

susceptible ages of hamsters to proliferative enteritis

A

weanlings most susceptable

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49
Q

detection of lawsonia intracellularis

A

fecal PCR

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50
Q

treatment of lawsonia intracellularis

A

supportive care

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51
Q

control of lawsonia intracellularis

A

depopulation, facility sanitation, repopulation with uninfected hamsters

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52
Q

causative agent of tyzzers disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

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53
Q

description of colostridium piliforme

A

spore forming intracellular bacterium

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54
Q

transmission of tyzzers disease

A

fecal oral of spores

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55
Q

control of Tyzzers disease

A

improved sanitation and isolation

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56
Q

clinical signs of Tyzzers disease

A

roughened hair coat, diarrhea, and high mortality (young or immunosuppred animals only)

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57
Q

necropsy findings with Tyzzers disease

A

enterocolitis, lymphadenitis, multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

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58
Q

diagnosis of Tyzzers disease

A

special staining of tissues (Giemsa, silver stain)

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59
Q

Clinical signs of clostridium difficile

A

profuse , watery, hemorrhagic diarrhea

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60
Q

histiologic findings of clostridium difficile

A

typhilitis and colitis in adult hamsters

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61
Q

risk factors for clostridium difficile overgrowth

A

antibiotic administration, change in diet

62
Q

control of outbreak of clostridium difficile

A

depopulation, decontamination, (chlorine dioxide) and repopulation

63
Q

histology of salmonella infection

A

septic thrombi

64
Q

control of salmonella infection

A

well managed facilities

65
Q

description of helicobacter

A

gram negative curved to spiral fusiform morphology

66
Q

2nd most common hamster disease

A

pneumonia/ Pasturella pneumotropica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and other Streptococcus diseases

67
Q

species of helicobacter found in hamsters

A

H. cinadei, H. mesocricetorum, H. cholecystus, H. aurati,

68
Q

clinical signs have only been associated with which species of Helicobacter

A

H. aurati, gastritis, chronic and progressive typhlocolitis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplastic lesions in large intestine

69
Q

which hamster viruses should be part of routine screening?

A

1) LCMV
2) Hamster parvovirus
3) Murine pneumonia virus
4) Reovirus
5) Sendai virus

70
Q

most likely species to transmit LCMV to humans?

71
Q

primary reserviour for LCMV?

72
Q

description of LCMV

A

RNA virus, arenavirus

73
Q

clinical signs of LCMV

A

natural infection generally causes acute short term infection. perinatally exposed animals remain subclincal. Congenitally or neonatal animals remain persistently infected and may develop chronic, progressive fatal disease

74
Q

most likely route of infection by LCMV for hamsters?

A

implantation of tumors infected

75
Q

necropsy findings of LCMV

A

lymphocytic infiltration of the liver, lungs, pancreas, kidney, spleen, meninges, and brain

76
Q

route of transmission for LCMV

A

excreted in the urine, contanct

77
Q

what is the ABSL level for LCMV

A

BSL3, zoonotic

78
Q

description of Sendi virus

A

single stranded RNA virus Paramyoviridae family

79
Q

natural host for Sendai virus

80
Q

clinical signs of Sendai virus

A

mortality in newborn pups, most infections are subclinical

81
Q

route of transmission for Sendai virus

A

direct contact with infected rodents

82
Q

necropsy findings of Sendai virus

A

hyperplasia of nasal mucosal epithelium, hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium, peribronchial edema

83
Q

do hamsters have their own species specific adenovirus?

A

No, but can be infected with adenoviruses from a variety of other species, most typically the murine adenovirus

84
Q

animals most susceptable to adenovirus infection?

A

immunocompromised

85
Q

clincial signs of adenovirus

A

typically subclincal

86
Q

diagnosis of adenovirus

A

adenoviral intranuclear inclusion bodies in intenstinal epithelium

87
Q

interesting fact about polyoma virus in hamsters

A

causes lymphoma as well as spontaneous skin epitheliomas

88
Q

natural host for polyoma virus

A

European hamsters, transferto Syrian hamsters after inadvertently co0mingling of species

89
Q

spread of polyoma virus

A

ingestion of virions through contaminated fomites

90
Q

tropism for polyoma virus

A

undiferentitated keratinocytes and lymphocytes

91
Q

describe clincial signs of the two syndromes associated with polyoma virus

A

1) naive juvenile hamsters, epizootic multicentric lymphoma involving mesentary, intestines, liver, kidneys

92
Q

transmission of polyoma virus

A

shed in urine (persists in renal tubular epithelium)

93
Q

prevention and control of polyoma virus

A

culling of entire colony and decontamination

94
Q

description of hamster parvovirus

A

rodent protoparvovirus 1, non enveloped singe stranded DNA virus

95
Q

natural host for rodent RPV1

A

not hamsters, most likely mice

96
Q

clinical signs of RPV1 infection in hamsters

A

young hamsters: runted with incisor teeth abnormalities, domes craniums, small testicles, and a potbellied appearance

97
Q

transmission of RPV1

A

shed for long time in urnie, infection spred through ingestion of viral particles

98
Q

diagnosis of RPV1

99
Q

control of RPV1

A

quarantine, facility disinfection, re-stocking with new hamsters

100
Q

hamsters are susceptable to what protozoa?

A

1) Spironucleus muris
2) Tritrichomonas muris
3) Giardia muris

101
Q

clinical signs of protozoal infection in hamsters?

A

fecal smears from hamsters may contain a large number and variety of organims, yet etiologic role in disease is unclear.

102
Q

Nematodes found in hamsters?

A

1) Syphacia mesocriceti
2) Syphacia stroma
3) Syphacia peromysci
4) Syphacia obvelata
5) Syphacia muris
6) Aspicularis tetraptera
7) Dentostomella translucida

103
Q

life cycle of pin worms?

104
Q

transmission of pinworms?

A

fecal oral through fomites

105
Q

cestodes found in hamsters?

A

1) Hymenolepis diminuta
2) Rodentolepis nana
3) Rodentopelpis microstoma

106
Q

most important parasite found in hamsters?

A

Rodentolepis nana

107
Q

life cycle of Rodentolepis nana?

A

direct or indirect (unique)

108
Q

diagnosis of cestodes?

A

fecal float. R. nana has hooks on the scolex

109
Q

ascariasis in hamsters

A

1) Demodex criceti
2) Demodex aurati
3) Demodem cricetuli (Armenian only)
4) Notoedres (ear mite)
5) Spleorodens clethrionomys (nasal mite)

110
Q

clinical signs of demodex infection

A

alopecia over rump and back with dry scaly skin

111
Q

most frequent neoplasia of syrian hamster

A

lymphosarcoma

112
Q

principal cause of death in hamsters on long-term experiments

A

amyloidosis

113
Q

clinical signs of amyloidosis

A

affects liver, kidneys, stomach, adrenal, thyroid, and spleen. extensive subcutaneous edema, ascites and hydrothorax. pale tam, enlarged and misshapen kidneys

114
Q

experimental induction of amyloidosis

A

casein or LPS subcutaneous injections

115
Q

most common site for polycystic disease in hamsters

A

liver, but also cecum, kidneys, ovaries, and spleen

116
Q

cause of cysts in polycystic disease

A

in liver- developmental defect of normal ductal structures

117
Q

eitology for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis

A

linked to dietary contamination, infection with bacterial pathogens, immune system abnormalities, but no etiology has been identified

118
Q

clinical signs associated with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis

A

no clincal signs, even in cirrhotic animals

119
Q

atrial thrombosis is most commonly seen in which type of hamster?

A

albion-panda-albino (APA). accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy that develops with age.

120
Q

pathogenesis of atrial thrombi

A

form as a result of local blood stasis secondary to heart failure

121
Q

unique characteristics of the chinese hamster

A

small size

122
Q

most common use for the chinese hamster

A

ovaries to make Chinese hamster ovary cell line

123
Q

chromosome number for chinese hamster

124
Q

most common metabolic disease seen in chinese hamsters

A

diabetes mellitus

125
Q

cause of diabetes mellitus in chineese hamsters

A

transmitted as a recessive factor of 4 genes, if any two of the four genes are homozygous, glucosuria could result

126
Q

most common spontaneous tumor in chinese hamsters?

A

uterine adenocarcinoma

127
Q

cause of cerebral hemorrhage seen in chinese hamsters

A

not determined but postulated to involve inflammatory or degenerative changes in the anterior cerebral artery

128
Q

characterization of periodontitis in hamsters

A

seen in chinese hamsters with hereditary diabetes melitus. lesion is characterized by absorption of alveolar bone, inflammation, and pocket formation due to splitting of the epithelial attachment. corrosponds to human disease with diabetes melitus

129
Q

hamsters with diabetes melitus showed and increase in incidence of _____________ and __________________

A

peridontitis

130
Q

uses of armenian hamster

A

susceptibility to mutagenic and carcinogenic agents

131
Q

gestation of armenian hamster

A

18-19 days

132
Q

most common spontaneous disease in armenian hamsters

A

hepatocellular carcinoma in animals exposed to estrogens

133
Q

speical mite found in the armenian hamster

A

Demodex cricetuli

134
Q

use of european hamster

A

susceptible to DEN (N-diethylnitrosamine) for development of respiratory tumors

135
Q

most common neoplasia in european hamster

136
Q

coat difference between P. sungorus and P. campbelli

A

P. sungorus molts to a pure white haircoat while P. campbelli retains its grey haircoat

137
Q

uses of djungarian hamsters

A

susceptible to carcinogens, and oncogenic viruses

138
Q

estrus cycle of djungarian hamsters

A

most compressed reproductive cycle, post partum estous, day of parturition, deliver the second litter while weaning the first.

139
Q

unique trait in reproduction of dungarian hamsters

A

both sexes take part in caring for young, females are typically non aggressive

140
Q

hibernation of dungarian

A

do not hibernate even when exposed to temperatures below -40C

141
Q

neoplasia in dnungarian hamsters

A

oral neoplasia, skin, and mammary glands

142
Q

hypersensitivity to what type of bedding material

A

cedar chips

143
Q

what characteristics make hamsters good subjects for oncology research

A

relaively low incidence of naturally occuring tumors
neonates are susceptible to viral oncogenesis
susceptible to estrogen induced tumors (renal adenocarcinoma in males)
resistant to radiation induced tumors

144
Q

what characteristics make hamsters a good subject for immunobiology research?

A

neonatal hamster is immunologically immature

thymus is slow to mature

145
Q

which species of hamster is a true hibernator

A

European hamster (Cricetus cricetus)

146
Q

hibernation activity of Syrian hamster

A

(Mesocrecitus auratus) permissive hibernators, must awaken periodically

147
Q

hamster pharmacology: resistant to which?

A

histamine, morphine, radiation

148
Q

hamster pharmacology: sensitive to?

A

steroids and serotonin

149
Q

hamster response to radiation

A

very resistant

150
Q

are males or females more susceptible to amyloidosis

151
Q

reproductive characteristics of Phodopsus spp

A

females are nonaggressive, form monogamous parental bonds and both care for young

ACLAM study sets (22 decks)

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