Guinea pig Flashcards
<p>Guinea Pig</p>
<p>Cavia porcellus</p>
<p>models for</p>
<p>anaphylaxis</p>
<p></p>
<p>clasification of GP</p>
<p>hystricomorph</p>
<p>number of digits on fore and hind</p>
<p>four on the front and three on the back</p>
<p>ideal caging for GP</p>
<p>solid bottom cages with bedding</p>
<p>space requirement for GP up to 350g</p>
<p>60in^2</p>
<p>space requirement for GP >350g</p>
<p>101in^2</p>
<p>height requirement for GP cage</p>
<p>7in</p>
<p>ideal temp for GP</p>
<p>68-79F</p>
<p>predominant leukocyte in GP</p>
<p>lymphocyte</p>
<p>name of special leukocytes in peripheral blood</p>
<p>heterophil</p>
<p>where are Kurloff cells found most often and when?</p>
<p>in thymus, spleen, liver, lung during pregnancy</p>
<p>purpose of Kurloff cells</p>
<p>NK cell activity, cancer resistance?</p>
<p>which teeth are open rooted in the GP</p>
<p>all teeth (hyposodontic)</p>
<p>description of oral cavity in GP</p>
<p>small and narrow, soft palate coveres nearly the entire back of the pharynx, only small palatal ostium visible</p>
<p>Stomach of GP</p>
<p>monogastric hind gut fermentor, glandular epithelium all over</p>
<p>describe the Preyer or pinna reflex</p>
<p>cocking of the pinnae in response to a sharp sound.</p>
<p>what are the hormones responsible for growth regulation in GP</p>
<p>Insulin growth factor 1 & 2. (not pituitary growth hormone)</p>
<p>puberty</p>
<p>M: 3-4m</p>
<p>Gestation</p>
<p>59-72d</p>
<p>weaning age</p>
<p>14-28d</p>
<p>special requirement of GP feed</p>
<p>stabilized Vitamin C</p>
<p>how long can stabilized feed be stored</p>
<p>180d post milling</p>
<p>how long can unstabilized feed be stored</p>
<p>90d post milling</p>
describe unique components of female reproductive tract
vaginal closure membrane
at what age does the pubic symphysis fuse?
6-9m
what hormone is responsible for relaxation of the pubic symphysis as parturition nears?
Relaxin
GP are ______ ovulators
spontaneous
nonseasonally polyestrous
postpartum estrus
highly fertile, 2-10h post delivery
placentation
labryinthine hemomonochorionic
description of Bordatella bronchiseptica
short gram neg rod, non spore forming
clinical signs of Bordatella bronchiseptica
subclinical infections most common but stress may predispose to outbreaks of sepsis resulting in acute death
reservoir of Bordatella bronchiseptica
respiratory tract of many species.
rabbits known to give to GP
necropsy findings of Bordatella bronchiseptica
pulmonary consolidation, exudate in upper and lower respiratory tract
tropism for Bordatella bronchiseptica
cilliated respiratory epitelium
description of Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus
gram +, cocci chain, lancefield group C, B hemolytic, antiphagocytic capsule
clincial signs of Strep equ ssp zooepidemicus
abscess of cervical lymph nodes, abscess basically anywhere,
"thumps"
suppurative or caseous lymphadenitis, acute septicemia, otitis media, mastitis
transmission of Strep equi ssp zooepidemicus
via aerosol onto epithelium, zoonotic
most common types of Strep pneumoniae
types 4 and 19F
clincial signs of Strep pneumoniae
carrier state common
depression, anorexia, URI, torticolis, abortion, stillbirth
transmission of Strep pneumoniae
aerosol or direct contact with infected animals
necropsy findings of strep pneumoniae
pyogenic processes, fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis, suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, endometriosis, and arthritis
diagnosis of Strep pneumoniae
observe on gram stained impression smears, serotyping is necessary
treatment of Strep pneumoniae
BAD, more likely to cause a reversion to the subclinical state than eliminate infection
description of Salmonella
gram negative bacillus
most common serovars of Salmonella
enterica sub species enterica, serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis
Clinical signs of Salmonella
peracute to acute: high morbidity and mortality rough hair coat, weakness, conjunctivitis, abortion, light colored feces, intermittent diarrhea
diarrhea rare in GP (common in rats)
transmission of Salmonella
can be shed by subclinical carriers, fecal-oral, blood-oral, tissue-oral, conjunctiva
gross lesions of Salmonella
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, small yellow necrotic foci throught the viscera
diagnosis of Salmonella
recover organism, culture on MacConkey or brilliant green agar
treatment of Salmonella
BAD, may lead to subclinical infection
cause of Guinea Pig inclusion conjunctivitis
Chlamydia caviae
clinical signs of Chlamydia
reddening of eyelids, conjunctivitis, purulent exudate, self limiting with recovery in 3-4 weeks
diagnosis of Chlamydia
demonstration of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Giemsa or Macchiavello stained conjunctival epithelial cells
clinical signs of Guinea Pig Adenovirus
subclinical most common, affected animals (stress or immunocompromised) die w/o prior signs
morbidity and mortality of adenovirus
low, high
necropsy of GP Adenovirus
dark red pulmonary consolidation, emphysema, catarrhal exudate, intranuclear inclusion bodies in respiratory epithelial cells
cytomegalovirus is what kind of virus?
caviid herpes virus 2, beta herpes virus
clincial signs of CMV
usually subclinical, may see weight loss, conjunctivitis, and lymphadenopathy
transmission of GPCMV
exposure to saliva carrying the virus, transplacental transmission can also occur
necropsy of GPCMV
karyomegaly of salivary gland epithelium
chronic site of replication of GPCMV
salivary glands
histologic description of GPCMV
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in ductal epithelial cells
clinical signs of poliovirus
depression, lameness, flacid paralysis, weight loss, death
transmision of poliovirus
fecal oral, but not definate
necropsy signs of poliovirus
meningomyeloenchphalitis, perineuronal inflammation, neuronal degeneration
diagnosis of poliovirus
ELISA
Protozoa found in GP
Eimeria caviae
Klossiella cobayae
Cryptosporidium wrairi
Balantidium caviae
nematodes in GP
Paraspidodera uncinata
descriptionof Paraspidodera uncinata
cecal worm
most common helminth in GP
Paraspidodera uncinata
Mites found on GP
Chirodiscoides caviae,
Demodex caviae,
Mycoptes musculinis,
Trixacarus caviae,
Sarcoptes scabiei,
Notoderes muris
pathogenic mites in GP
Chirodiscoides caviae
Trixacarus caviae
Where is Trixacarus found?
burrowing mite, in the skin
Where do lesions occur with Trixacarus
trunk, inner thigs, neck, and shoulders, intense pruritis and alopecia
Where is Chirodiscoides found?
on hair shaft
Where do lesions of Chirodiscoides form?
posterior trunk, causes severe pruritis
lice found on GP
Gliricola porcelli
Gyropus ovalis
Trimenopan hispidum
Trimenopan jenningsi
most common louse found in GP
Gliricola porcelli- chewing louse
location to find lice in GP
ears and nape of neck
fleas found in GP
Ctenocephalides felis
Nosopsyllus fasciatus
Ctenocephalides porcellus
Cause of dermatophytosis in GP
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
spread of Encephalitozoon cuniculi to GP
urine of infected rabbits
clinical signs of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in GP
subclinical infection but may see microscopic lesions in brain and kidney (necrotic foci, microgranulomas, perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffs)
clinical signs of marginal vitamin C deficiency
conjunctivitis or upper respiratory disease
hypovitaminosis C, clinical signs
hemorrhage in the subperiosteum, skeletal muscles, joints (stifle, costrocondral junctions) and intestine
reason why GP are susceptible to Vit C deficiency
lack genetic code to produce L-gulonolactone oxidase
histologic changes seen in hypovitaminosis C
epiphyseal growth centers are deranged with reduced osteoid formation, deranged chondrocytes, decreased bony trabeculae in marrow cavity
two forms of toxemia of pregnancy
1) preeclampsia/circulatory form
2) pregnancy ketosis(fasting form)
timeframe of pregnancy for preeclampsia to occur?
last 2 weeks
pathogenesis of preeclampsia
size of uterus interupts blood flow
pathogenesis of fasting ketosis
size of uterus prevents proper intake of food leading to mobilization of muscle and ketones to liver for energy
necropsy of preeclampsia
ecchymotic hemorrhage and focal necrosis
necropsy of fasting ketosis
fatty infiltration of liver, kidney, adrenal glands, vessel walls
minerals involved in urolithiasis
Calcium, phosphourus, magnesium
urolithiasis is most common in what sex?
Females
clinical signsof hypovitaminosis A
keratitis, squamous metaplasia, crusty eyelids
cause of hypervitaminosis A
giving multivitamin supplement instead of just vit c
clinical signs of hypervitaminosis A
degeneration of cartilaginous epiphyseal plates, abnormal bone repair, teratogenic effects
are guinea pigs susceptible to Rickets?
dont see in GP
location of metastatic calcification?
skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers
diabetes mellitus is found in what inbred strains
Abyssinian Hartley colonies
GP response to Freund's complete adjuvant
pulmonary granulomas
frequently bred sows often show
hair thinning
cause of ulcerative pododermatitis or bumblefoot
Staph aureus, enters through abrasions/injury to feet, most often from wire floors
antibiotics associated with typhlocolitis
aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, clindamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin
organism associated with antibiotic associated typhlocolitis
Clostridium difficile
pathogenesis of antibiotic associated typhlocolitis
1) antibiodic induced suppression of resident microflora
fffmost common neoplasia in GP
lymphosarcoma
gastric ulcers can occur secondary to
uremia, ketosis, excessive stress, Citrobacter infection
cause of Rhabdomyomatosis
congenital abnormality of glycogen metabolism
causes of nephrosclerosis
autoimmune, infectious, vascular disorders, high protein diet
anatomical part of the ovary that is responsible for cyst formation
rete ovarii
description of retina of GP
paurangiotic (few vessels near optic disk)
amyloidosis can be seen secondary to what clinical conditions
staphylococcal pododermatitis and osteoarthritis
what is unique about the GP cardiovascular system?
good collateral circulation, difficult to cause infarcts
what is unique about the dentition of GP
they are the only rodent to have premolars
all teeth are open rooted and grow continuisly
what is the shock organ of the GP
lung
4 things to know about Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1. zoonotic
2. 4 clinical states, acute disease, chronic disease, nonfatal lymphanepitis, or subclinical carrier state
3. antibiotic tx leads to carrier state
4. culture at cold temps 20-30C
things to know about antibiotic induced enterotoxemia- hemorrhagic typhilitis
Clostridium difficile is causative agent
caused by antibiotics or dietary change
things to know about Clostridium piliforme- Tyzzers disease
wide host range
rare in GP
triad of lesions, heart-liver-GI
causative agents of mastitis in GP
pasturella
klebsiella
strep
staph
coliforms
clinical condition caused by Cryptosporidium wrairi
greasy coat
kidney protozoa of GP
Klossiella cobayae
asymptomatic infecteion, incidental on necropsy
what antibiotics are safe for GP
fluoroquinolones
gentamicin
TMS
chloramphenicol
