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ACLAM study sets > BB 22- Japanese Quail > Flashcards

BB 22- Japanese Quail Flashcards

1
Q

What is the genus and species of the Japanese quail?

A

Coturnix japonica

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2
Q

What are they used for in research?

A

Developmental biology, endocrinology, aging, immunology, behavior studies, and human genetic disorders

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3
Q

What is their average life span in the wild? In captivity?

A

2-3 years

1.5-2.5 years

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4
Q

What order do they belong to?

What family do they belong to?

A

Galliformes

Phasianidae

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5
Q

What is there incubation time?

A

16 days

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6
Q

Quail interphase nuclei have nucleoli with compact ___________
that stains intensely with _________ _______.
Why does this matter?

A

Heterochromatin
Schiff’s reagent

Quail cells can be distinguished from chicken cells in chimeric embryos.

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7
Q

The embryo is an amniote. What does that mean? What is the advantages for the study of an amniote

A

Early developmental pattern similar to humans.
Rapid reproductive maturation, adult are modest size, easily bred in lab, transgenic available, and fully sequenced genome.

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8
Q

What is Pompe’s disease?

A

Glycogen storage disease characterized by myotonic dystrophy and acid maltase deficiency.

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9
Q

2 advantages of using quail to study aging

A
  1. Hypothalamic systems exhibit neuroplasticity (aging males respond to hormone replacement therapy
  2. Exhibit a bone dynamic physiology (validated model for hormone effects on osteoporosis and the role of vitamin d
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10
Q

T/F adults are sexually dimorphic

If T- how?

A

True

Plumage coloration

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11
Q

Treatment with _________ results in decreased bacterial counts, decreased foan production, and decreased fertility

A

Fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

What allows for prolonged sperm motility?

A

Cloacal gland secretes a white foamy material during copulation that can be retained by the female for more than 12 hours,

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13
Q

Greatest sensitivity of auditory range is?

A

1 - 4 kHz

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14
Q

Quail spend ____% of their time on ________ so should be provided with an opportunity to exhibit that behavior.

A

8

Foraging

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15
Q

T/F the provision of perches is required

A

F. Quail spend little time on elevated surfaces.

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16
Q

T/F Quail engage in several dust bath sessions daily

A

T- most often in the late afternoon.

If not provided, exhibit “vacuum dust bathing” where behaviors are still expressed.

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17
Q

T/F captive quail can be polygamous or monogamous

A

T

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18
Q

T/F Males are more receptive to females when introduced in the males cage

A

T

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19
Q

Avian sex chromosomes are ____ & _____

A

Z & W

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20
Q

Male sex chromosomes are ____ and females are _____

A

Males- ZZ

Females- ZW

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21
Q

For genotyping, the ________ a highly vascularized membrane in close contact with the pores of the eggshell to facilitate gas exchange, can be used to isolate genomic DNA.

A

Mesoderm-derived chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM)

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22
Q

What is inbreeding depression?

A

Reduces population fitness via decreased hatchability, viability, and fertility

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23
Q

What is the NPIP?

A

National Poultry Improvement Plan

Provides flock certification program to facilitate international transfer of eggs and birds.

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24
Q

Eggs must be stored at ______.

Storage at _____will cause embryonic cell death

A

Must store at 13 degrees Celsius

4 degree Celsius causes death

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25
Q

Name the 3 housing types

A

Poultry battery cages

Indoor floor pens

Semi-natural outdoor aviaries

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26
Q

Battery cages with sloped floors are good because they ________ ______ ______ but also result in an __________ ___________

A

Facilitate egg collection

Impoverished environment resulting in foot lesions, beak deformities, and bone fractures

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27
Q

Birds housed in deep litter floor pens demonstrate significantly (increased/decreased) cortisol levels and mortality

A

Increased

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28
Q

Minimum space recommendations for quail

A

0.25 square feet floor area/bird

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29
Q

Ideal temperatures for an aviary room is

A

22-25 degree Celsius

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30
Q

Cage height should be less than ______cm but at least ______ cm to allow for birds to have a normal posture when standing.

A

25 cm

20 cm

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31
Q

Water consumption varies with age:
2 week old chicks ingest _______
4 week old birds drink ________
7 week old birds consume _______-_______

A

23.3 ml/day

30 ml/day

40.9-62.1 ml/day

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32
Q

Starter diet has ______-______ crude protein and should be provided until birds are _____ weeks of age.

A

24%-26%

6-8 weeks

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33
Q

What are the 5 sites for blood sampling

A

Brachial, jugular, caudal tibial, external dorsal thoracic, heart

34
Q

What can be used to identify chicks?

A

Size 4 plastic coil leg bands

35
Q

What can be used to identify birds after 3 weeks of age?

A

Size 8 colored aluminum leg bands

36
Q

What common analgesic has very low bioavailability and a very short half life in Japanese quail?

A

Ketoprofen (2mg/ml)

37
Q

What types of inhalant euthanasia is acceptable?

A

Overdose of isoflurane or CO2. Chicks and embryos over 50% incubation require prolonged exposure to CO2

38
Q

Are physical methods of euthanasia acceptable?

A

Cervical dislocation or decapitation are acceptable on the condition that personnel are trained and proficient.

39
Q

What are the acceptable methods of euthanasia for eggs less than 50% incubation

A

Prolonged exposure to CO2

Cooling <4° C for 4hr

Freezing

40
Q

T/ F reproduction is strongly influenced by photoperiod

A

T

Photoperiod influences sexual behavior, cloacal protrusion, and cloacal foam production

41
Q

Japanese quail reach sexual maturation at ______ weeks of age

A

6-8 weeks of age

42
Q

Female puberty is characterized by ______

A

The average age of the first egg laid

43
Q

Male puberty is characterized by ________

A

Crowing and production of cloacal foam

44
Q

What is the optimal male/female ratio for fertility

A

1:3

45
Q

What male/female ratio results in a significant decrease in fertility

A

1:5

46
Q

The average quail weighs

A

10-11 kg

47
Q

Each hen produces ______ eggs every 2 weeka

A

10-12

48
Q

Eggs should be stored in a refrigerator set to _______ and at _______ % relative humidity

A

13° Celsius

65%

Ideally stored with large end up or on their side

49
Q

Ideal incubation temperature and humidity for optimal embryonic development

A

38 ° Celsius

50-65% relative humidity

50
Q

On the _____ day of incubation, eggs should be transferred to an egg hatching incubator that is maintained at _______ with _______ relative humidity

A

16th

38° Celsius

70%

51
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

The ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity

52
Q

How is relative humidity measured?

A

Hygrometer

53
Q

Hatchlings typically weigh _____

A

6-8 grams

54
Q

T/F Hatchlings do not need to be fed in the first 24 hours post hatch

A

T
No food or water because hatchlings obtain nutrition from their yolk sac that tretracted into the coelom in the days prior to hatch.

55
Q

What should the temperature inside the brooder be for the first week post hatch

A

37° Celsius

56
Q

How much and how often should the brooder temperature change post hatch

A

2-3° C every week for 3 weeks

57
Q

At what age should birds Bo longer need an external heat source

A

4 weeks post hatch

58
Q

How should eggs from an external source be sanitized

A

Quat ammonium (250 ppm) and water temperature of 43-49° C

59
Q

What is the most frequent observed health concern in laboratory colonies

A

Trauma from conspecific pecking

60
Q

What is the primary cancer in male quail

A

Sertoli cell tumors

61
Q

What is the primary cancer of female quail

A

Leiomyoma

62
Q

Common viruses

A

Quail bronchitis vius (QBV)

Newcastle virus

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

63
Q

Quail Bronchitis Virus (QBV)

A

Type I avian adenovirus

Likely aerosol transmission

Rapid morbidity and mortality

Cs- decreased appetite, open mouth breathing, ruffled feathers, sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, death.

Lesions- large basophilic intranuclear inclusions, necrotizing proliferative bronchitis, hepatic/spleen/cloacal bursa necrosis

64
Q

Newcastle disease

A

Avian paramyxovirus I

Cs- subclinical to lethargy, ruffled feathers, dyspnea, torticollis, paralysis, and hemorrhagic diarrhea

Transmission horizontal via fecal- oral or inhalation of contaminated dust.

65
Q

Equine Equine Encephalomyelitis

A

Arbovirus (Alphavirus, family Togaviridae)

Transmission via arthropod vectors (1° mosquito)

Cs- depression, tremor, paralysis, torticollis, death

Gross finding- duodenal catarrhal enteritis

66
Q

Marek’s disease

A

Lymphoproliferative disease caused by cell associated herpes virus.

Transmission via direct contact

Cs- lethargy, anorexia, wt loss, soft feces,lime-green urates

67
Q

Quail pox

A

Avipoxviridae

Cs- wt loss, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, blindness, crusty papules at commisures, decreased egg production, impaired fertility

Species specific. Vaccine for other species does not conference protection

68
Q

Avian Encephalomyelitis virus

A

Picornaviridae

Transmission- fecal-oral or vertical

Morbidity in chicks ranges from 40-60%

History lesions- encephalomyelitis, ganglionitis, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles,

69
Q

Reticulendotheliosis virus ( REV)

A

Retrovirus

Transmission via direct contact

Cs- immunosuppression, running syndrome, high mortality, acute reticulum neoplasia, t- or b-cell lymphoma

70
Q

Ulcerative enteritis

“Quail disease”

A

Fatal enteric dz caused by Clostridium colinum

Young quail (4-12weeks of age) most susceptible

Transmission via fecal-oral

Cs- diarrhea, emaciation, sudden death

Gross- duodenal hemorrhagic enteritis with mucosal ulceration, path changes in liver and spleen

71
Q

Salmonella enterica

A

2 serovars- Salmonella pullorum
Salmonella gallinarum

Transmission via fecal-oral or vertical

Cs- weakness, decreased appetite, white chalky material on vent, resp sign, joint swelling, anemia, death

Susceptible to common disinfectant

72
Q

Campylobacteriosis

A

Acute gastroenteritis

Gram negative microaerophilic bacteria (C. jejuni or C. coli)

Horizontal and vertical transmission

73
Q

What is the most common infectious bacterial disease in poultry?

A

Colibacillosis associated with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

74
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

Causative agent of fowl cholera

Cs- fever, anorexia, oral discharge, diarrhea, dyspnea, cyanosis

Chronic dz- swollen joints, torticollis, resp impairment

75
Q

What is the natural host for Bordetalla avium

A

The turkey

76
Q

Coccidiosis

A

Eimeria spp.

Cs- diarrhea and wt loss

Sulfonamides are an effective treatment

77
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

Caused by cryptosporidium spp.

Resp and intestinal involvement

Resistance to chlorine and most disinfectants

Killed by exposure to temp greater than 65° C

78
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatis

Morbidity and mortality in young birds

79
Q

Candida albicans

A

Crop mycosis

Most common fungal infection of the digestive tract

80
Q

Macrorhabdosis

A

Caused by infection of the proventriculus and ventriculus with the yeast, Macrorhabdosis ornithogaster

Cs- emaciation, prostration, anorexia, cachexia, and death

81
Q

Onchroconis gallopava

A

Causative agent of fungal encephalitis

Cs- incoordination, torticollis, trmors, paralysis, death

ACLAM study sets (22 decks)

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