HA SEMI REVIEW Flashcards
What is the normal range range of heart for adults
60-100
What does S1 heart sound represent
Closure of AV valves
Which auscultation location is best for hearing the S2 sound
Base
Which valve closure is associated with the first heart sound
tricuspid and mitral
Develop a plan to evaluate a patient’s cardiac function using jugular venous pulse. What should be the primary focus?
A. check pulse regularity
B. observe for distention
C. measure pulse rate
D. assess pulse amplitude
B. observe for distention
Where is the point of maximal impulse typically located?
A. left 5th intercostal space at mcl
B. right 2nd intercostal space ate sternal border
C. left 2nd intercostal space at mcl
D. right 6th intercostal space at mcl
A. left 5th intercostal space at mcl
What does a split S2 sound indicate during auscultation?
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
Respiratory variations in intrathoracic pressure
mitral regurgitation
Pulmonic stenosis
How should a nurse check for the presence of S3 sound?
A. during deep inspiration
B. with the patient sitting upright
C. after exercise
D. While patient is in the left lateral decubilitis position
B. with the patient sitting upright
Which condition is most likely indicated by a laterally displaced apical impulse
A. Aortic regurgitation
B. Pulmonic stenosis
C. Ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial fibrillation
C. Ventricular hypertrophy
Assessing the intensity of the heart’s apical impulse can help in diagnosing which of the following conditions?
A. Pulmonary hypertension
B. right ventricular hypertrophy
C. left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial septic defect
C. left ventricular hypertrophy
Design an examination sequence to identify abnormalities in the carotid artery. What would be the first step?
A. palpation of artery
B. auscultate for bruits
C. visual inspection for pulsation
D. checking bilateral symmetry in pulse
B. auscultate for bruits
What does the presence of an S4 heart sound typically suggest
A. Healthy heart function
B. Decreased myocardial contractivity
C. Non compliance of ventricles during atrial contraction
D. rapid ventricular filling
C. Non compliance of ventricles during atrial contraction
How does the jugular venous pulse reflect the function of the right side of the heart?
A. indicating systemic arterial pressure
B. showing ventricular contraction efficiency
C. monitoring changes in right atrial pressure
D. reflecting left ventricular ejection fraction
C. monitoring changes in right atrial pressure
What sound is characterized as a high pitched, musical noise during expiration?
Wheeze
Crackles are caused by what pysiological condition in the lungs
a. narrowed airways
b. goblet cells produced mucus
c. vibration of vocal cords
d. friction between pleural layers
b. goblet cells produced mucus
In which scenarion would you expect to expect to find decreased tactile fremitus
a. pneumonia
b. pleural effusion
c. pulmonary edema
d. bronchial obstruction
b. pleural effusion
Differentiate between the sounds of fine and coarse crackles. Which statement is true?
A. fine crackles are lower pitched and less brief than coarse crackles
B. Coarse crackles are softer and shorter in duration than fine crackles
C) Course crackles are high-pitched and short, while fine crackles are
low pitched and longer.
D) Coarse crackles are high pitched and occur during expiration
B. Coarse crackles are softer and shorter in duration than fine crackles
Assessing a patient with pectus excavatum, what potential respiratory impact should you consider?
A) Increased lung capacity
B) Decreased risk of respiratory infections
C) Reduced thoracic cavity space affecting lung expansion
D) Enhanced diaphragmatic movement
C. Reduced thoracic cavity space affecting lung expansion
Design an assessment strategy for a patient presenting with egophony. What would be your first step?
A) Ask the patient to whisper a phrase and listen with a stethoscope.
B) Have the patient say “Eee’ while auscultating the chest
C) Perform percussion to find areas of dullness
D) Check tor nasal flaring and use of accessory muscles
B) Have the patient say “Eee’ while auscultating the chest
Which condition is typically associated with stridor?
A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B. Asthma
C. Pneumonia
D. pulmonary fibrosis
A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Bronchophony is characterized by which of the following?
A) A whispered phrase heard clearly through auscultation
B) Normal breath sounds
C) Louder and clearer voice sounds through ausculation
D) Decreased vocal resonance
D) Decreased vocal resonance
How should you perform a tactile fremitus examination?
A) Ask the patient to breathe normally while palpating the chest with flat hands
B) Have the patient say “ninety nine” while palpating the chest wall.
C) Use the fingertips to tap on the chest while the patient holds their breath
D) Listen with a stethoscope while the patient coughs
A) Ask the patient to breathe normally while palpating the chest with flat hands
What does a finding of pectus carinatum suggest about the structural aspects of the thorax?
A) The sternum is indented
B) There is a lateral curvature of the spine.
C) The sternum protrudes outward
D) The rib cage in asymmetically developed.
C) The sternum protrudes outward
When hearing coarse crackles during auscultation, what should be considered as a likely cause?
A) Dry airways
B) Early heart failure
C) Pulmonary edema or pneumonia.
0) Vocal cord dysfunction
C) Pulmonary edema or pneumonia.
Which sound is associated with the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves?
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4
a. S1
What type of breath sound is typically expected over most of the lung fields?
A. bronchial
B. Bronchovesicular
C. vesicular
D. Tracheal
C. vesicular
Egophony is considered a sign of what underlying lung condition when ‘E” sounds like ‘A”?
A. asthma
B. pneumothorax
C. Lung consolidation
D. Pleural effusion
C. Lung consolidation
If a patient exhibits a sunken sternum (pectus * excavatum), what should be assessed during physical examination?
A. diaphragmatic excursion
B. peripheral edema
C. lung expansion and breath sounds
D. Abdominal distention
C. lung expansion and breath sounds
How would a patient with increased tactile fremitus likely be evaluated further?
A. metry test to check asthma
B. chest xray to investigate potential pneumoniae
C. Blood test for allergic reactions
D. gram for heart function
B. chest xray to investigate potential pneumoniae
Which of the following patient descriptions most accurately identifies the sensation of palpitations?
A) I feel a sharp pain in my chest that lasts for a few minutes.”
B) I have a constant dull ache in my chest when i breathe deeply
C) ‘it feels like my heart is racing or fluttering, especially when im lying
D) “There’s a tight squeezing sensation around my chest that comes and goes.’
C) ‘it feels like my heart is racing or fluttering, especially when im lying
Where is the Aortic valve auscultated best in a physical
examination?
A.) right 2nd intercostal space along the sternal border
B.)Left second intercostal space along the sternal border
C) Over the apex of the heart
D) Right fifth intercostal space a the midclavicular line
A.) right 2nd intercostal space along the sternal border
The mitral valve is best heard over which anatomical location?
A) 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
B) Second left intercostal space along the sternal border
C) Fifth left intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
D) Right second intercostal space along the sternal border
A) 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Auscultation. of the tricuspid valve is typically performed at the:
A.) Left lower sternal border
B.) Right lower sternal border
C) left second intercostal space
D. right second intercostal space
A.) Left lower sternal border
Analyze the implications of prolonged capillary refill time in the extremities:
A. indicate efficient blood flow
B. suggest arterial insufficiency
C. sign of healthy veins
D. indicate lymphatic drainage
B. suggest arterial insufficiency
Evaluate the significance of unilateral swelling and pain in the lower extremities
A. muscle strain
B. deep vein thrombosis
C. benign condition
D. skin infection
B. deep vein thrombosis
Develop a screening tool for peripheral arterial disease for use in a community health setting
A. questions on family history of diabetes
B. use temperature charts to record daily fluctuations
C. incorporate ABI
D. focus on exercise patterns
C. incorporate ABI
What is the primary purpose of the deep veins in the legs?
A. carry blood under high pressure
B. return deoxygenated blood to the heart
C. regulate body temperature
D. supply oxygen to the leg muscles
B. return deoxygenated blood to the heart
Which vein is commonly assessed for signs of venous insufficiency in the leg?
A. cephalic vein
B.
C
D. saphenous vein
D. saphenous vein
What role do lymph nodes play in the peripneral vascular system?
a. produce lymph
b. filter and drain lymph to prevent edema
c. pump blood throughout the body
d. they store blood cells
b. filter and drain lymph to prevent edema
how should you perform a manual compression test to assess varicose veins?
A. compress the artery in the affected area
B.
C. compress the vein
D. apply heat
C. compress the vein
How do capillaries facilitate the exchange of materials?
a. through active transport
b. provide barrier to exchange
c. through diffusion
d. osmotic pressure
d. osmotic pressure
What does the presence of an absent of diminished pulse in the extremities suggest?
a. normal aging process
b. potential arterial blockage
c. venous insufficiency
d. lymphatic congestion
b. potential arterial blockage
why is it important to compare bilateral pulse points during a vascular assessment?
a. check for symmetry and identify abnormalities
b. determine muscle strength
c. assess skin temperature
d. evaluate your flexibility
a. check for symmetry and identify abnormalities
Design a protocol for conducting an Ankle
Brachial Index test
a. start assess radial pulse
b. measure brachial & ankle pressure using a doppler
c. evaluate patient dietary habits
d. check for reflexes in the lower limbs
b. measure brachial & ankle pressure using a doppler
Why is it important to inspect the base of the tongue and mouth floor
a. assess dental hygiene
b. check for oral cancers and lesions
c. evaluate salivary glands
b. check for oral cancers and lesions
Malampati grading system use to assess
a. size of oral cavity
b. risk of difficult intubation
c. level of oral cancer risk
d. degree of gum disease
a. size of oral cavity
Diagnosing candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. what is included?
a. routine blood test
b. antifungal sensitivity testing
c. visual inspection of oral mucosa
d. dietary assessment
c. visual inspection of oral mucosa
cyanotic lips lips indicate:
a. respiratory or cardivasc problem
b. exposure to cold temp
a. respiratory or cardivasc problem
what is the best approach to examine a patient’s palates and uvula?
a. palpation
b. inspection
b. inspection
how does glossitis manifest in the mouth
a. increased saliva production
b. growth of lesion in the gums
c. deep red smooth tongue surface
d. black hairy tongue
c. deep red smooth tongue surface
what symptom is commonly associated with ketoacidosis in diabetic patients
a. halitosis
b. acetone breath
c. musty smell
d. ammonia odor
b. acetone breath
design a protocol for assessing sinus infections. what is the first step?
a. prescribe antibiotics
b. request imaging studies
c. inspect and palpate the sinus areas for tenderness
d. start with detailed symptom history
c. inspect and palpate the sinus areas for tenderness
Presence of thick white coating with a red raw surface indicate:
a. vit c deficiency
b. immunocompetence
c. candidiasis
d. good oral hygiene
c. candidiasis
redness and swelling int the parotid glands implication:
a. dehydration
b. inflammation or infection
c. dental carries
b. inflammation or infection
normal mucosa with clear watery nasal discharge that tests positive for glucose indicate:
a. bacterial infections
b. viral infection
c. allergic reaction
d. leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
a. bacterial infections
primary function of montgomery glands
a. cool breast tissue
b. produce milk
c. secrete lubricating substance
d. provide structural suuport sa breast
c. secrete lubricating substance
quadrant of breast commonly associated with tumors
upper outer
presence of orange texture on the breast suggest?
a. underlying inflammation
b. blocked lymphatic drainage
c. benign condition
b. blocked lymphatic drainage
patient with newly inverted nipples suggest
a. recent weight gain
b. breast cancer
c. hormonal changes
b. breast cancer
where is the tail of spence located
a. near sa sternum
b. upper inner
c. lower outer
d. upper outer
d. upper outer
clear or bloody nipple discharge indicate:
a. benign condition
b. breast cancer
c. reaction to medication
b. breast cancer
position for palpating axillary lymph nodes during breast exam
a. supine arms raised
b. seated arms relaxed
c. seated arms abducted
d. standing hands on hip
a. supine arms raised
implications of firm immobile breast mass
a. benign
b. inflammation rather than tumor
c. malignant
d. cyst
c. malignant
following up on abnormal findings. first step in breast examination
a. schedule biopsy
b. refer diagnostic mammogram
c. prefer antibiotics
d. advice immediate surgery
b. refer diagnostic mammogram
fibrocystic breasts refer to
Painful, tender breasts
cooper ligaments function within the breast
a. produce milk
b. support breast tissue
c. attach to breast to the muscle layer
d.
c. attach to breast to the muscle layer
cullens sign indicate
liver disease
pancreatitis
appendicitis
gallbladder infection
pancreatitis
rovsign’s sign is used to check for
liver cirrhosis
appendicitis
kidney infection
hernia
appendicitis
which quadrant would you palpate in spleen
LUQ
