CHAPTER 22 peripheral Flashcards
Can be found/palpated on the lateral aspect of the wrist
Radial artery
venous return is impeded
which results in
venous stasis.
Each heartbeat creates a surge of blood; this
surge is what we call
arterial pulse
There are three important veins which are the:
Deep veins, superficial veins, and perforator
these veins connect the superficial veins with the deep veins
Perforator
these veins are located behind the knee; Responsible for 90% of venous return
from the lower extremities
Femoral and Popliteal Vein
these nodes Can be found 3 cm above the inner medial aspect of the arm and hand
Epitrochlear nodes-
Superficial inguinal nodes includes what chain of nodes
(The Horizontal and
vertical chain of nodes)
this inguinal node can be found on the anterior thigh just under the inguinal ligament
The Horizontal chain
this inguinal node can be found near the
great saphenous vein.
The Vertical chain
a vein that Begins at the lateral dorsal aspect of the foot, travels up behind the
lateral malleolus on the back of the leg and joins
the popliteal vein.
small saphenous vein
The longest vein
can be found at the foot’s medial dorsal aspect,
great Saphenous vein
this part of the body connect arterioles and venules, regulating fluid exchange between blood and tissues.
CAPILLARIES
three venous functions that help to propel blood back to the heart.
vein structure, with
one-way valves
muscular
contraction.
pressure gradient created by breathing.
During inspiration, this pressure decreases while abdominal pressure increases,
intrathoracic pressure
in preparing for peripheral vascular what position should a client be in
Have the client sit upright on the examination
table (For arms)
Have the client lie down the examination table
(For legs)
shape of lymph nodes
somewhat circular or oval.
what is the measurement of palpating the lymph nodes
1-2 cm in
diameter.
Weak or absent
pulse Indicates
arterial
occlusion
A cool extremity indicates
arterial
insufficiency
what position should a client be in assessing peripheral or ABI
supine position.
meaning of ABI
“Ankle-brachial pressure
index
is used to detect decreased systolic
pressure
used to compare
upper-and-lower limb systolic BP.
ratio of ankle systolic BP to the
arm (brachial) systolic BP
ABI
Normal resting of
ABI is
1.0-1.4.
- People who smoke
are physically
inactive, have a BMI
of
> 30,
Abnormal values for the resting ABI are
0.9 or lower than
1.40 or higher,
this measurement of ABI is considered as
borderline
abnormal.
0.91-1.00,
If the client has varicose veins, perform a _____ test to determine the competence of the veins valves.
manual compression
If the client has varicose veins, perform what position is conducted to assess the competence of the saphenous veins valves and the retrograde…
Trendelenburg
stages of lymphedema
Stage 0
Subclinical Stage
Stage 1
Mild Stage
Stage 2
Moderate Stage
Stage 3
Severe Stage
No obvious signs and
symptoms. Impaired
lymph drainage is
subclinical. Lymphedema
may be present for
months to years before
progressing to later
stages.
Stage 0
Subclinical Stage
Swelling is present.
Affected area pits with
pressure. Elevation
relieves swelling. Skin
texture is smooth.
Stage 1
Mild Stage
Accumulation of fluid.
Skin may look tight,
skinny, and tissue may
have a spongy feel.
Pitting may or may not be
present as tissue fibrosis
begins to develop.
Elevation does not
alleviate the swelling.
Hair loss or nails
changes may be
experienced in the
affected extremity. This is
an irreversible stage.
Stage 2
Moderate Stage
Lymphedema has
progressed to the
lymphostatic
elephantiasis stage, at
which the lymph is very
large. Affected area is
non pitting, often with
permanent edema. Skin
folds develop. Risk of
cellulitis, infections,
Stage 3
Severe Stage
(supply of blood in the body being interrupted)
Gangrene
Dramatic
blanching of
fingers on
both hands
RAYNAUD
DISEASE
peripheral nervous
system has pressure
points that cause
ulceration through the
epidermal and dermal
tissue layers
NEUROPAT
HIC ULCER
the pain is Intermittent claudication to
sharp, unrelenting, constant. what insufficiency is this
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
the pain is aching and cramping what insufficiency is this
venous insufficiency
the pulses are Present but may be difficult to palpate through
edema
VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY
pallor foot ; dry and shiny skin; cold temp; loss of hair toes and nails thickened and ridged indicate what
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
Pigmentation in gaiter area
- Skin thickened and tough
- May be reddish-blue in
color
- Frequently associated with
dermatitis
this signs indicate what
VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY
the location of the ulcer is at the tip of the toes indicates what
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
the ulcer that is located at Medial malleolus or anterior tibial area indicate what
venous insufficiency
a deep ulcer involving joint space indicate what
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
a circular shaped ulcer indicate what
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
the ulcer’s base is pale black to dry. what doe sthis indicate
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
a minimal leg edema indicates what
ARTERIAL
INSUFFICIENCY
Granulation tissue–
beefy red to yellow fibrinous indicates what
VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY
the ulcer’s bed is granulations tissue
VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY
Leg edema: Moderate to severe
VENOUS
INSUFFICIENCY
Marked pallor
with legs
elevated
Return of pink
color that takes
longer than 10
secs and
superficial veins
that take longer
than 15 secs,
Persistent rubor
of toes and feet
with legs
dependent
indicates arterial
insufficiency.
