CHAPTER 21 heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where does the heart extend vertically

A

L. 2nd to 5th intercostal spaces

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2
Q

where does the heart extend horizontally

A

r edge sternum to l mcl

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3
Q

heart’s position

A

inverted cone

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4
Q

a chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels

A

precordium

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5
Q

these are large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from heart

A

great vessels

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6
Q

what separates the R and L sides of the heart

A

septum

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7
Q

tenderlike structures that play a role in the atrioventricular valves

A

chordae tendinae

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8
Q

what part of the heart opens during ventricular contraction

A

semilunar valves

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9
Q

tough fibroserous sac attaching to great vessels and surrounds heart

A

pericardium

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10
Q

a serous membrane lining secreting small amount of pericardial fluid

A

parietal pericardium

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11
Q

muscles that covers outer surface of the heart

A

epicardium

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12
Q

thickest layer of muscle covering the heart made out of contractile cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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13
Q

thin layer of endothelial tissue; innermost layer has blood vessels

A

endocardium

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14
Q

during which phase does the emptying and contraction of ventricles occur

A

systole

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15
Q

during which phase does the filling ; relaxation of ventricle occur

A

diastole

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16
Q

this is called the early or protodiastolic filling

17
Q

term for presystol/atrial systole

A

atrial kick

18
Q

the final active filing phase

A

atrial kick

19
Q

causes the pulmonary valves to shut

20
Q

the closure of the av valves produce what sound

21
Q

this is where all 4 valves are closed and ventricles contract

A

isometric contraction

22
Q

what sound does the closure of semilunar valves produce

23
Q

what part of the heart is the loudest first sound OR S1

24
Q

which sound is longer S1 or s2

25
this sound occurs at the end of the ventricular systole
S2
26
THE S2 is heard loudest in
base of heart
27
acts as one way doors, making sure blood flows in correct direction
heart valves
28
extra heart sounds
s3 s4
29
often termed ventricular gallop
S3
30
what sound is heard late in diastole before s1
s4
31
often termed atrial gallop
s4
32
a sound result from ventricular vibration due to ventricular resistance during contraction
s4
33
this is called the blood flowing silently through the heart
murmurs
34
conditions contributing turbulent blood flow
blood velocity valve defects/malfunction abnormal chamber openings
35
factors affecting hr
hormones fitness age innvervation
36
factors affecting sv
heart size fitness levels gender contractility duration preload afterload
37
the amount of blood pumped by ventricles during a given period of time
CARDIAC OUTPUT
38
the l. ventricle usually contract how much blood
70ml