CHAPTER 21 heart anatomy Flashcards
where does the heart extend vertically
L. 2nd to 5th intercostal spaces
where does the heart extend horizontally
r edge sternum to l mcl
heart’s position
inverted cone
a chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels
precordium
these are large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from heart
great vessels
what separates the R and L sides of the heart
septum
tenderlike structures that play a role in the atrioventricular valves
chordae tendinae
what part of the heart opens during ventricular contraction
semilunar valves
tough fibroserous sac attaching to great vessels and surrounds heart
pericardium
a serous membrane lining secreting small amount of pericardial fluid
parietal pericardium
muscles that covers outer surface of the heart
epicardium
thickest layer of muscle covering the heart made out of contractile cardiac muscle
myocardium
thin layer of endothelial tissue; innermost layer has blood vessels
endocardium
during which phase does the emptying and contraction of ventricles occur
systole
during which phase does the filling ; relaxation of ventricle occur
diastole
this is called the early or protodiastolic filling
diastole
term for presystol/atrial systole
atrial kick
the final active filing phase
atrial kick
causes the pulmonary valves to shut
systole
the closure of the av valves produce what sound
LUB / s1
this is where all 4 valves are closed and ventricles contract
isometric contraction
what sound does the closure of semilunar valves produce
DUP/S2
what part of the heart is the loudest first sound OR S1
apex
which sound is longer S1 or s2
s1
this sound occurs at the end of the ventricular systole
S2
THE S2 is heard loudest in
base of heart
acts as one way doors, making sure blood flows in correct direction
heart valves
extra heart sounds
s3 s4
often termed ventricular gallop
S3
what sound is heard late in diastole before s1
s4
often termed atrial gallop
s4
a sound result from ventricular vibration due to ventricular resistance during contraction
s4
this is called the blood flowing silently through the heart
murmurs
conditions contributing turbulent blood flow
blood velocity
valve defects/malfunction
abnormal chamber openings
factors affecting hr
hormones
fitness
age
innvervation
factors affecting sv
heart size
fitness levels
gender
contractility
duration
preload
afterload
the amount of blood pumped by ventricles during a given period of time
CARDIAC OUTPUT
the l. ventricle usually contract how much blood
70ml
