CHAPTER 20 - breast Flashcards
an accessory reproductive organ with two functions: to produce and store milk that provides nourishment
for newborns and to aid in sexual stimulation.
female breasts
upper outer quadrant, which extends into the axillary area, is referred to as the
tail of Spence.
Most breast tumors occur in this quadrant.
upper outer quadrant,
the nipples Contains the tiny openings ____ through which milk passes.
lactiferous ducts
the areola contains elevated sebaceous glands called
(Montgomery glands)
Secrete a protective lipid
substance during lactation.
Montgomery glands
Cause the nipple to become
\ more erectile during stimulation.
Smooth muscle fibers in the areola
During embryonic development, a _____ extends from each axilla to the groin
area.
milk line
or ridge
develops
from the axilla to the groin during the 5th week of fetal development.
ectodermal galactic band
other term for other breast tissue
supernumerary nipples
will result to the
development of extra nipples.
Failure to atrophy
The functional capability of the breast is related to what:
the glandular tissue
Constitutes the functional part of the breast,
allowing for milk production.
GLANDULAR TISSUE
the GLANDULAR TISSUE is arranged in to how many lobes
15 to 20 lobes
slight enlargement in
each duct before it reaches the nipple.
Lactiferous sinus
provides support for the glandular tissue
FIBROUS TISSUE
fibrous tissues support uses bands called the
Cooper’s
ligaments
provides most of the substance to the
breast, determining the size and shape of the
breasts.
subcutaneous and retromammary fat
Lymphatics from most of the breast drain to
the
axilla.
nodes drain the anterior chest
wall and breasts.
ANTERIOR NODES (PECTORAL)
The posterior chest wall and part of the arms
are drained by
POSTERIOR NODES (SUBSCAPULAR)
these nodes drain most of the arms.
LATERAL NODES (brachial)
nodes receive drainage from the anterior, posterior, and lateral lymph nodes.
CENTRAL NODES (MID-AXILLARY)
(BSE) meaning
breast self-
examination
- A recent increase in the size of one
breast may indicate
Inflammation or abnormal growth
is associated with breast
inflammation.
Redness
Results from edema, which is seen in metastatic breast disease.
Pigskin-like or orange-peel (peau d’orange)
a breast edema is caused by
blocked
lymphatic drainage.
Prominent venous pattern
- May occur because of
increased
circulation due to a malignancy.
Asymmetric venous pattern
malignancy.
It is associated with carcinoma,
Peau d’orange skin
Red, scaly, crusty areas in the breast may indicate
Paget’s disease.
A recently retracted nipple that was
previously everted
- Suggests
malignancy.
caused by a malignant tumor that has fibrous strands attached to
the breast tissue and the fascia of
the muscles.
- As the muscle contracts, it draws the
breast tissue and skin with it,
Dimpling or retraction
Restricted movement of breast or retraction
of the skin or the nipple
- Indicates
fibrosis and fixation ; malignant
tumor.
Thickening of the tissues
- May occur with an
underlying
malignant tumor.
May be indicative of fibrocystic
breasts, especially right before
menstruation.
Painful, tender breasts
Heat in non-lactating or non-postpartum
women’s breasts suggests
inflammation.
are typically 1–5 cm, round
or oval, mobile, firm, solid, elastic,
nontender, single or multiple benign masses
Fibroadenomas
collections of fatty tissue that can also manifest as lumps.
Lipomas
a harmless growth in a milk duct near the areola, commonly affects
women aged 35 to 50.
Intraductal papilloma,
May indicate endocrine disorders or
certain medications,
Nipple discharge
dark, velvety pigmentation in the axillae
(acanthosis nigricans)
Redness and inflammation at the mastectomy or lumpectomy site suggest
infection.
males, soft, fatty breast enlargement is
associated with
obesity.
smooth, firm, movable disc of
glandular tissue, sometimes
occurring during puberty or due to hormonal imbalances, drug abuse,
cirrhosis, leukemia, or
thyrotoxicosis.
Gynecomastia
Palpation is performed in a sequential
manner:
Supraclavicular and infraclavicular
lymph nodes
Are common benign (non-cancerous) breast tumors made up of both glandular
tissue and stromal (connective) tissue.
Fibroadenomas
Also called fibrocytic breast disease
Benign Breast Disease
The condition Benign Breast Disease is most common from age
30 to menopause,
Is the process of using low-dose X-rays
to examine the human breast.
MAMMOGRAPHY
used by physicians to evaluate breast abnormalities that have been found with screening or diagnostic
mammography or during a clinical breast
examination.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
uses sound waves and picks up the echoes to create images and
allows imaging the breast from any
orientation.
Ultrasound
The withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cavity via a hollow needle with an aspirator tube attached to an end.
NEEDLE ASPIRATION
Measuring the regional temperature of a
body part or organ.
THERMOGRAPHY
The new blood vessels that form up a
malignancy light up
red, yellow or white
and the normal tissues or benign tumors
green or blue.
