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Carpentry Level 4 > H9 - Timber Construction > Flashcards

H9 - Timber Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the Building Code is used (Part 9 or Part 4) when structural members are spaced more than 600 mm o.c? Is a P Eng required?

A

Yes, P ENG required

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2
Q

Why is the moisture content of large timbers a concern?

A

Shrinkage and expansion need to be planned for

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3
Q

Why would the foundation design be different for post, beam and plank framing than for conventional platform framing?

A

Point loads from post, beam, and plank framing necessitate different foundation designs.

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4
Q

Describe the difference between standard-mill, semi-mill, and laminated mill construction.

A

Standard Mill - Heavy floor plank rests on a girder supported by columns.

Semi-milled - Floor plank rests on beams supported by girders & columns.

Laminated-Mill Construction - Subfloor planks installed on the edge & laminated by nailing them together.

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5
Q

Compared to bolts, how do shear connectors increase resistance on shear loads?

A

Their large diameter spreads the shear load over a large area of wood.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of washers when bolting heavy timbers together?

A

Washers distribute the load over a greater area than a bolt.

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7
Q

What are pintle and cap used for?

A

Supports columns end-to-end and allows the beams & girders to shrink & expand.

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8
Q

Describe the advantages of CLT construction.

A

On-site construction time sped up, lighter weight, structurally strong for seismic & wind loads.

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9
Q

What is the difference between a cant hook and a peavey?

A

Peavey has a pointed end & used for turning logs.

Cant hook - Hooked end is used for turning timbers or slabs of wood.

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10
Q

Industrial uses for timbers:

A

Trestles, bridges, towers, wharves, piers, shoring in mine tunnels, retaining walls, poles & towers for power lines & falseworks.

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11
Q

Standard-mill construction

A

Standard-mill construction - Heavy floor planking rests directly on girders, which in turn are supported by columns.

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12
Q

Semi-mill construction

A

Semi-mill construction - Floor planking rests on beams, which in turn are supported by girders and columns.

May be supported on top of girders or by steel beam hangers.

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13
Q

Laminated-mill Construction

A

Planks are set on edge and laminated by nailing them together. This is done directly on the girders, which are supported by columns.

*NOT samea s GLUE LAM

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14
Q

What is an NLT

A

Nail Laminated Timber

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15
Q

What is a DLT

A

Dowel Laminated Timber

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16
Q

What is a GLT

A

Glue Laminated Timber

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17
Q

What is a LSL

A

Laminated Strand Lumber

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18
Q

Glue Laminated Lumber

A

Assembly of laminations bonded by adhesive, grain run parallel to the lengthways.

Beam, girder, purlin, column, arches, rigied frames, light standards and booms

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19
Q

Major Advantage of Glue Lam?

A

Can be fabricated in almost any length, size or structural shape.

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20
Q

Glue Lam members are made from:

A

Glue Lam members are made from: #2 and better select structural grade Douglas Fir Members.

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21
Q

Moist content should usually be:

A

7 to 16 percent.

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22
Q

Glue Lam end joint together by:

A

Plain scarf, stepped scarf, butt joint, or finger joint

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23
Q

Glue (Lam) Lumber with defects can be used in:

A

Buildings where appearance is unimportant (

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24
Q

Interior Glue Lam beams use what glue?

A

Casein glue

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25
Q

Exterior glue lam exposed to weather use:

A

High water-resistant adhesives such as Phenol, resorcinol, and melamine resin

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26
Q

Limit to Glue Lam Curvature:

A

Curvature should not be less than 125 times the thickness of the individual components.

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27
Q

What is Parallel Strand Lumber?

A

Logs are peeled as in the production of plywood. Veener sheets then cut into long, narrow strips. Short never used. Strips coated with resin adhesive and fed into rotary belt press. Heat cured and then cut and planed to size and length.

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28
Q

Longest lengths of PSL?

A

Longest Length of PSL - 65 feet

29
Q

Standard Thickness of PSL?

A

45 mm, 89. 135 mm, 178 mm

30
Q

Standard Depth of PSL?

A

178, 235, 286, 292, 302, 305, 318, 356, 406 and 457 MM.

31
Q

What is an LVL?

A

Laminated Veneer Lumber is made up of sheets of veneer which the grain runs in the same direction.

32
Q

Typ. sizes of girders and & beams of LVL?

A

Usually smaller than glue-laminated members.

33
Q

What is a Cross-Laminated Timber?

A

Made by laminating multiple-layers of lumber cross-wise to each other. Similar to veneers in Plywood.

34
Q

CLTs are usually used for:

A

Floors, walls, and roofs in mid-rise construction. Openings for doors, windows, ducts, and chases can be pre-cut at the manufacturing factory.

35
Q

CLT panels are load-bearing, or non-load-bearing?

A

CLT panels are Load-bearing and used for diaphragms, shearwalls making the structure very stable in seismic or wind applications.

36
Q

CLT panels are used or not for architectural features?

A

CLT are used for architectural features often.

37
Q

CLT can be used for green buildings as the panels why?

A

CLT panel have half the embodied energy as concrete and result in much lighter weight building.

38
Q

Two cons to CLT products?

A

Relies on crane use & running wires and pipes can be difficult.

39
Q

How is Cross-Laminated TImber installed

A

Many ways but crane is always involved usually.

40
Q

What is a Nail-laminated TImber?

A

Timber using nails to join lumber that is stacked on edge.

41
Q

In Dowel-Laminated lumber -

A

Using woods of diff moisture levels is utilized. Wetter planks will shrink around dryer dowels that expand to create an extremely tight fit.

42
Q

What kind of logs are used for posts and beams?

A

Clear or small-knot logs with very little taper.

43
Q

Why are logs normally oversized?

A

More difficult to see if there are internal defects. Other concern with log beams is that the bearing surfaces will be flat grain instead of edge grain.

44
Q

What kind of poles are used in pole construction?

A

Pressure-treated round poles or 6x6 through 10x10 rough timbers generally 30-50’ long are used in pole construction.

45
Q

Shear connectors are used between two members why?

A

Shear connectors are used between two members why?

TO increase the Resistance to shear loads.

46
Q

Normal shear connector configuration:

A

Two members bolted together with the connector in the middle.

47
Q

What is a split ring?

A

Clamped by bolt.

Able to expand and contract as the wood swells & shrinks during changes in moisture.

48
Q

If there was no split ring,

A

Would would be crushed when it expanded.

49
Q

How to do you install a split ring?

A

1) Drill groove into surface of timbers using 1/2” portable drill

50
Q

What does a spiked grid do?

A

Same job as a split ring, but used with rough sawn lumber.

51
Q

How is a spiked grid pressed into place?

A

High-strength bolt and nut with a ball-bearing washer. Hydraulic jack can also be used to tighten the grids.

52
Q

How to Install spiked grids and toothed grids?

A

High high-strength threaded rod is used to press the spiked grid or toothed ring into place. High high-strength threaded rod is replaced with a standard-strength steel bolt after the connector is pressed into place.

53
Q

What is a shear plate?

A

Like a split ring & spiked grid, shear plates spread the shearing load over a large area of the wood member.

54
Q

Difference between shear plates and grids or split rings?

A

Shear plates use the bolt to transfer the shear loads.

With Spiked grids or split rings, the bolt is only clamping the wood members together.

55
Q

What is used to transfer the shear load from a wood member to a steel member?

A

A shear plate is usually used to transfer the shear load from a wood member to a steel member.

56
Q

What is a clamping plate?

A

Clamping plates do the same job as a spiked grid and toothed ring, except they are used to carry lighter loads.

57
Q

What is a washer?

A

Bolting timbers together, the washer is used to distribute the load over a large area of the wood.

58
Q

What kind of washer is used when bolting timbers together?

A

THick washers, with a square plate or round plate washer, are used for heavier loads.

59
Q

What kind of bolt is used when in heavy timber joints?

A

Diameter of the bolt will vary from 1/2” to 1”. Bolts for assembling large timbers are often long up to 1200 m in some cases.

60
Q

What is a drift pin?

A

Steel rod that acts as a dowel, used for alignment only.

61
Q

How is a drift pin made?

A

Made from a square rod that has been twisted into a spiral shape. Spiral gives withdrawal strength.

62
Q

What is a glue lam rivet?

A

High strength fastener that is used with glue-lam timber. Gang nails.

63
Q

What is an eyebolt or turnbuckle used for?

A

Attaching bracing cables to heavy timbers. Turnbuckle has a right-handed thread at one end and a left-handed thread at the other.

64
Q

What is a bearing plate used for?

A

Spread the load of a column over a larger area of a wooden support.

65
Q

What is used when shrinkage of timber is a concern?

A

Pintle is used to transfer the load from one column to another. PIntle which is made of cast, steel supports column end to end.

66
Q

Structural engineer must approve hangers and ledger prior to manufacturing true or false?

A

True

67
Q

Hangers and ledgers are bolted to columns or beams

A

Make sure the top is flush with the supporting surface

68
Q

What is a truss beam that has a steel rod running under the full length of the beam used?

A

Support old timber framed buildings that are sagging with sage.

69
Q
A

Carpentry Level 4 (42 decks)

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