Gyro

Question 1

Drift

Answer 1

Rotation in horizhontal direction

Question 2

Rigidity

Answer 2

Maintains its orientation in space
(Second law of newton)

Requirments:
~dense material
~outer rim which increase radius
~high rotational speed ,RPM 15000 to 25000

Question 3

Precession

Answer 3

The force applied is been applied 90 degrees further the gyro rotor

Question 4

Gimbals

Answer 4

The mounting system comprises bearing and supporting frames collectively known as Gimbals

Question 5

Vertical gyro
Horizhontal gyro

Answer 5

Vertical : when the axes is in vertical
Horizontal : when the axes is horizonthal

Answer 6

2 degress of freedom wiht two gimbals
The spin axes is never counted as degree of freedom

Question 7

Rate of gyro

Answer 7

Rate gyro when the gyro has one degree of freedom (one gimbal)

Question 8

Space gyro

Answer 8

When it has 2 degrees of freedom ( 2 gimbals)

Question 9

Directional gyro

Answer 9

2 gimbals

Question 10

Attitude indicator

Answer 10

2 degrees

Question 11

Turn indicator

Answer 11

1 gimnbal and spring

Question 12

Wander summary

Answer 12

~Wander : topple, drift

~real/random wander: mechanical imperfections, latitude nut

Apparent wander:earth, transport wander

Answer 13

All gyros suffer from real wonder (mechanical imperfection)

Question 14

ERECTION SYSTEMS

Answer 14

To cope with topple we need an errection system

Answer 15

Earth rotion 600kts
15.04 degree per hour

Question 16

Earth rate

Answer 16

Varies with latitude for directional gyro
15.04 x sine lat

Question 17

Vertical gyro
Like in the equator

Answer 17

No drift ,max topple

Question 18

Horizontal.
Like in the poles

Answer 18

Max drift ,no topple

Question 19

Apparetn topple /drift

Answer 19

At the pole

~vertical gyro appear not to drift or topple
~horizontal gyro appear to drift

At the equator
~vertical gyro appear to topple
~an east aligned horizontal gyro appears to topple backwards to the vertical
~a north aligned horizontal gyrp will not topple or drift if it remains on th equator

Question 20

Real wander

Answer 20

~Random wander: due to mechanical imperfection
~latitude compesation :(gimbal input) influence by gravity erection system

Question 21

Horizontally tied

Question 22

Latitude nut

Answer 22

Operational latitude ,small nut is adjusted on the gryo’s spin axis which inputs a real wander effect to correct its positon using the principle precession

Question 23

Vetical tied

Answer 23

To keep the instrument gry ospin axis vertically tied a sub system causes a deliberate wander effect

Question 24

Principle of precession

Answer 24

Precession used to correct for apperent wander (earth rate drift) in the direcrion gyro

Question 25

The pirnciple of precession is used

Answer 25

For correct apparent wander ( topple) in the attitude indicator

Question 26

Pneumatic driven

Answer 26

The air in requires filtering Vacuum gauge indicates vacuum pressure

Question 27

Electrically dirven

Answer 27

Advantages : ~higher rpms ~more accurate ~more reliable ~DC power supplying a DC motor ~Dc power to an inverter to supply constant frequency ac from an acmotor ~contanstan frequecny ac power to drive an ac motor ~frequency wild CANNOT be directly used

Question 28

Electrically driven

Answer 28

Micro electro mechanical sesnors ~ring laser ~smaller lighter ~more reliable ~more accurate ~chea[er to purchase and maintain

Question 29

Redundancy

Answer 29

Light a/c will have Air driven pump for AI and DI ,and electrically driven for the turn indicator ,if the generators fails the turn coordinator will be still powered until battery dies