Group Cohesion Flashcards
What is cohesion?
The tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals.
What is co-action?
Everyone completes the task at the same time but separately.
What is interaction?
Everyone completing different roles but having to integrate them all together.
What are the two types of cohesion?
Task cohesion and social cohesion.
What are Carron’s antecedents?
The factors that may affect cohesion.
List Carron’s antecedents
• Environmental factors (group size, age, geography, contractual obligations)
• Personal factors (group similarity, gender, aspirations/satisfaction)
• Team factors (ability, stability, desire for success, shared experiences)
• Leadership factors (leader style, leader-team relationship)
What mnemonic can be used to remember Carron’s antecedents?
• Every
• Person
• Trains
• Legs
What is task cohesion?
Individuals working together to achieve an end result/common goal.
What is social cohesion?
Individuals relating to each other to interact in the group.
What influences cohesion?
• Communication
• Past success
• Sharing common goals
• Unequal pay or rewards
• Personality
• Threats to the team
• Type of sport
• Size of the group
• Similarity of group members
• Likelihood of future success
What is a lack of cohesion caused by?
• Poor tactics
• Lack of communication
• Misunderstanding of roles or the coach’s instructions
• Bad timing
• Poor strategies
• Social loafing
What formula is known as Steiner’s model?
Actual productivity = Potential productivity - Losses due to faulty processes
AP = PP - FP
What is actual productivity?
The performance of the team during the game/the result.
What is potential productivity?
The group’s best performance/maximum capability when at optimal cohesiveness.
What are faulty processes?
Factors that go wrong and reduce cohesiveness (e.g. poor coordination or cooperation).
What is the Ringelmann effect?
When group performance decreases with group size.
What is social loafing?
Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised.
What are some causes of social loafing?
• Low confidence
• Lack of fitness
• Low ability
• Injury
• Negative attitude
• Failure to understand a role
• A belief your effort won’t change the result
• Social inhibition
• Poor leadership
• No recognition of previous performances
• Lack of reinforcement
• High state/trait anxiety
How can you avoid social loafing/improve cohesion?
• Highlighting individual performance
• Use of statistics
• Peer group pressure
• Give specific roles/responsibilities
• Developing social cohesion
• Praising/rewarding behaviour
• Encouraging group identity (kits)
• Ensuring leadership matches the group
• Selecting players who work well together rather than stars
• Setting achievable, process goals rather than outcome goals
• Continually emphasising the team goal
• Punish social loafing
• Training with an audience present
