Achievement Motivation Flashcards
What is achievement motivation?
The desire with which competitive situations are approached or avoided (the desire to succeed minus the fear of failure)
What two personality types did Atkinson suggest?
• Approach behaviour
• Avoidance behaviour
What is approach behaviour?
The personality type that approaches competition with enthusiasm
What is avoidance behaviour?
The personality type that tries to avoid the competition.
What are some of the characteristics of NACH (need to achieve)?
• Need to achieve
• Welcome competition
• Take risks
• Welcome feedback and evaluation
• Like a challenge
• Task persistent - try harder after failure
• Confident
• Attribute success internally
• Base their actions on seeking pride and satisfaction from their performance
What are some of the characteristics of NAF (need to avoid failure)?
• Need to avoid failure
• Avoid competition
• Take the easy option
• Give up easily
• Do not like feedback or evaluation
• Do not take responsibility for their actions
What are the personality factors that affect whether someone is NACH or NAF?
• Introvert or extrovert
• Confidence
• Innate or developed
• Aggression/arousal/anxiety
What are the situation factors that affect whether someone is NACH or NAF?
• Probability of success (easy or hard)
• Incentive value (high or low incentive)
• Familiar or unfamiliar environment
• High risk = high reward
How do you develop the need to achieve?
• Attribute success internally - tell the player that success is due to them, their effort, technique and skills
• Use reinforcement - a coach could offer praise and rewards to players who do well or achieve goals
• Set goals - goals should be realistic and achieve able which means satisfaction is gained
• Improve confidence/self-efficacy
• Allow success - encourage belief and motivation to improve confidence by setting easy drills
What are task related goals?
• Measure the process of success against the performer’s own standards
• Regardless of the result, success can be achieved and confidence maintained
What are outcome related goals?
• Doesn’t matter how the result is achieved as long as the goal is reached
• If the performer succeeds, pride and satisfaction are maintained
• If they fail, confidence and motivation can be lowered
What is interaction?
The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation.
What is attribute retraining?
Changing the reasons given for success and failure
