Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

3 primary benefits of Lorazepam?

A
  1. Sedation
  2. Suppression of anticipatory emesis.
  3. Production of anterograde amnesia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of Group 3 laxatives?

A

acts within 1-3 days to produce a soft, formed stool; uses include treating chronic constipation and preventing straining at stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which osmotic laxative is used for chronic constipation?

A

polyethylene glycol (Miralax); group 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phenothiazines end in what?

A

-zine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA of Misoprostol?

A

Suppress secretion of gastric acid, promotes bicarbonate release, and promotes improved gastric blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Side effect of Senna?

A

May cause yellowish-brown or pink colored urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aluminum hydroxide can reduce the effectiveness of which drugs?

A

tetracyclines, warfarin, digoxin; timing administration is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of Group 2 laxatives?

A

acts within 6-12 hours and produces a semifluid stool.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Therapeutic use of Omeprazole?

A

PUD and GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adverse effects of aluminum hydroxide?

A

constipation and hypophosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects of Lomotil?

A

Tachycardia, dizziness, headache, flushing, nausea and vomiting, dry skin and mucous membranes, and urinary retention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prototype for PPIs

A

Omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the liquid formula of magnesium hydroxide called?

A

Milk of Magnesium (MOM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antihistamines used for N/V associated with motion sickness?

A

Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, cyclizine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PPIs end with what?

A

-prazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Loperamide (Imodium) used for?

A

diarrhea and to reduce the volume of discharge from ileostomies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are drugs used for N/V associated w/ motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine and antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA of Sucralfate?

A

coats the stomach to protect against acid and pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Therapeutic use of Bisacodyl?

A

opioid induced constipation and constipation from slow intestinal transit; PCA pump.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 groups of laxative salts?

A

sodium phosphate and magnesium salts (Mag citrate, MOM, Mag sulfate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adverse effects of Omeprazole?

A

Fractures, pneumonia, acid rebound, intestinal infection withClostridium difficile, and low Mg levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOA of Metoclopramide?

A

blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bulk forming group 3 laxatives prototype?

A

Psyllium (Metamucil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Famotidine uses?

A

Gastric and duodenal ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are sx of hypomagnesemia?

A

tremors, muscle cramps, seizures, and dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Side effects of Meclizine?

A

Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MOA of opioids as antidiarrheal agents?

A

activate mu receptors of the GI tract causing:

  1. reduce intestinal motility
  2. Slow intestinal transit
  3. Allow more fluid to be absorbed.
  4. Decrease secretion of fluid into small intestine and increase absorption of fluid and salt.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Adverse effects of Misoprostol?

A

Diarrhea and abdominal cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 uncommon effects that occur with really high doses of Lomotil?

A

hypotension and respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Therapeutic use of Diphenoxylate w/ atropine (Lomotil)?

A

treat moderate to severe diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Therapeutic uses of Dronabinol?

A
  1. Suppresses CINV

2. Appetite stimulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Therapeutic uses of Promethazine?

A

N/V associated with surgery, cancer, chemotherapy, and toxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate) belongs to which class?

A

Mucosal protectant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Adverse effects of Metoclopramide?

A

Sedation, diarrhea, TD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the prototype for a group 3 surfactant laxative?

A

Docusate sodium (Colace)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the different types of osmotic laxatives?

A

laxative salts, polyethylene glycol, and lactulose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Therapeutic uses of Ondansetron?

A

N/V associated w/ chemoradiation and anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why is Atropine combined with Diphenoxylate?

A

To discourage diphenoxylate abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which antacid is the drug of choice and why?

A

Magnesium hydroxide; rapid-acting, has high Acid Neutralizing Capacity, and produces long-lasting effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which laxatives are used for fecal impaction?

A

mineral oil and glycerin suppository

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why is milk of magnesium often used as a laxative?

A

Because one of the adverse effects is diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

MOA of cyclizine/meclizine/dimenhydrinate? *antihistamine for motion sickness

A

block Ach and histamine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Consideration for PEG plus ELS?

A
  1. Isotonic with body fluids.

2. Requires ingestion of large volume of bad-tasting liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Adverse effects of calcium carbonate?

A

acid rebound; constipation; milk-alkali syndrome, a condition characterized by hypercalcemia & metabolic alkalosis, soft tissue calcification, impaired renal function, burping and farting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Most commonly used opioids as antidiarrheal agents?

A

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and loperamide (Imodium)

46
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of Group 1 laxatives?

A

Act within 2-6 hours and give stool a watery consistency; useful for preparing bowel for diagnostic procedures or surgery

47
Q

Adverse interactions with Omeprazole

A

Antivirals, Clopidogrel (plavix), and some antifungals

48
Q

MOA of Lomotil?

A

slows peristalsis by acting on the smooth muscles in the intestine. Atropine is an anti-cholinergic.

49
Q

Why does magnesium hydroxide need to be avoided in patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain?

A

stimulation of the bowel can be hazardous for patients with intestinal obstruction or appendicitis

50
Q

Therapeutic use of castor oil?

A

Bowel prep because it is rapid acting

51
Q

Therapeutic use of Docusate sodium (colace) ?

A

prevention of constipation

52
Q

When is a high dose of laxative salts used?

A

emergent expulsion (2 – 6 hours), to rid the body of ingested poison, dead parasites following anthelmintic treatment, or prep for surgery

53
Q

Contraindications of Misoprostol?

A

Pregnancy-Category X because prostaglandins can stimulate contractions.

54
Q

Adverse effects of Chlorpromazine?

A

*blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, photosensitivity, drowsiness, and confusion (strong anti-cholinergic signs). * hypotension and sedation. TD with long term use.

55
Q

What is the most effective antidiarrheal agents?

A

opioids; non specific

56
Q

Caution use of Prochlorperazine with?

A

The elderly and people with liver impairment

57
Q

Why does aluminum hydroxide need to be avoided in heart failure patients?

A

has a lot of salt

58
Q

Prototypes for stimulant laxative?

A
  1. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
  2. Senna (Senokot, Ex-lax).
  3. Castor oil
59
Q

Which other antacid is is rapid-acting, has high ANC (acid neutralizing capacity), and produces effects of long duration?

A

Calcium carbonate

60
Q

What are 3 kinds of bowel prep cleansers?

A

(1) sodium phosphate
(2) a combination of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid
(3) PEG plus electrolytes (ELS)

61
Q

Which osmotic laxative is used to lower ammonia levels r/t liver issues?

A

Lactulose

62
Q

Why should Omeprazole be taken for short-term?

A

D/t serious adverse effects

63
Q

Caution use of Ondansetron in people with?

A

electrolyte abnormalities, heart failure, bradysyrhythmias, and other drugs that increase risk of QT prolongation.

64
Q

MOA of Prochlorperazine?

A

block dopamine receptors in the CTZ

65
Q

Contraindication for Promethazine?

A

not for children <2 d/t respiratory depression

66
Q

Therapeutic uses of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

A

o PO: diabetic gastroparesis and suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.
o IV: Postoperative nausea/vomiting, anticancer drug, opioids, toxins, radiation therapy.
o Off label: hiccups and nausea and vomiting of early pregnancy.

67
Q

3 types of antacids?

A

magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium carbonate

68
Q

Adverse effects of scopolamine?

A

anti-cholinergic effects like dry mouth, blurry vision, drowsiness.

69
Q

Adverse effects of Ondansetron?

A

*Headache, *diarrhea, *dizziness, prolonged QT interval, risk of torsades de pointes.

70
Q

Adverse effects of Psyllium?

A

Esophageal obstruction

71
Q

Contraindications for Metoclopramide?

A

patients with GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.

72
Q

Why is milk of magnesium often administered in combination with aluminum hydroxide?

A

Because aluminum hydroxide has an adverse effect of constipation so they balance each other out.

73
Q

Adverse effects of Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)?

A

bloating, cramping, and flatulence.

74
Q

What are the antiandrogenic adverse effects of Cimetidine?

A

gynecomastia, reduced libido, and impotence

75
Q

Considerations for sodium phosphate?

A
  1. Hypertonic with body fluids.
  2. Can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbance
  3. Possibility of renal damage
76
Q

Prototype for antiemetic in the THC family?

A

Dronabinol (Marinol)

77
Q

What are the 4 classification of laxatives?

A
  1. Bulk forming
  2. Surfactant
  3. Stimulant
  4. Osmotic
78
Q

H2 blockers end in what?

A

-tidine

79
Q

Considerations for glycerin suppository?

A
  1. May also stimulate rectal contraction

2. Expect to see BM 30 minutes after suppository insertion.

80
Q

What are the 2 major groups of antidiarrheals?

A

Specific: goal is to treat the infection causing the diarrhea.
Non specific: goal is to slow down the diarrhea (Lomotil, Imodium)

81
Q

When is a low dose laxative salt used?

A

To stimulate a stool in 6-12 hours.

82
Q

What anxiolytic can also be used prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced nausea/vomiting?

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

83
Q

Adverse effects of Sucralfate?

A

constipation

84
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec) belongs to which class?

A

Analog of prostaglandin E1

85
Q

Therapeutic uses of Psyllium?

A
  • Temporary tx of constipation in diverticulosis and IBS.

- Symptomatic relief of diarrhea in colostomy and ileostomy patients.

86
Q

Two effects of Bisacodyl on bowel?

A

Stimulate intestinal motility & Increase amounts of water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen

87
Q

MOA of Famotidine?

A

suppress secretion of gastric acid by blocking histamine2receptors on parietal cells of the stomach

88
Q

Adverse effects of mineral oil?

A

Lipid pneumonia, anal leakage, and deposition of mineral oil in the liver.

89
Q

What are the CNS adverse effects of Cimetidine?

A

confusion, hallucinations, restlessness or lethargy

90
Q

MOA of Psyllium?

A

Acts like fiber

91
Q

What antipsychotic can also be used for nausea?

A

Haloperidol (Haldol)

92
Q

Adverse effects of laxative salts?

A
  1. **Dehydration: Substantial water loss
  2. Acute renal failure
  3. Sodium retention: Exacerbated heart failure, hypertension, edema
93
Q

Prototype for Phenothiazines?

A

Prochlorperazine

94
Q

Patient education for Omeprazole?

A
  • Take PO but do not chew or crush.
  • Take vitamin D and calcium supplements to reduce risk of fractures.
  • Avoid abrupt discontinuation.
  • Know s/sx of respiratory infections and hypomagnesemia.
  • caution use with other Mg lowering meds like Thiazides and loop diuretics.
95
Q

How can aluminum hydroxide cause hypophosphatemia?

A

has a high affinity for phosphate and by binding with phosphate, the drug can reduce phosphate absorption

96
Q

Drug interactions with Lomotil?

A

CNS depressants

97
Q

What is the only stimulant that acts on the small intestines (Group 1)?

A

castor oil

98
Q

MOA of laxative salts?

A

Pull water into the small intestine to soften and enlarge the stool to promote expulsion.

99
Q

What is the serotonin receptor antagonist anti-emetic prototype?

A

Ondansetron (Zofran)

100
Q

What class does scopolamine belong to?

A

muscarinic antagonist

101
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec) uses?

A

only approved GI indication is prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long-term therapy with NSAIDs

102
Q

Sucralfate uses?

A

duodenal ulcers

103
Q

What should we monitor in a patient taking Omeprazole?

A

Screen Mg levels before administration.

104
Q

What are the benefits of Imodium?

A

suppresses bowel motility and prevents all the fluid loss into the intestinal lumen

105
Q

Contraindication for Ondansetron?

A

Long QT syndrome

106
Q

Most effective class for inhibiting acid secretion?

A

PPIs

107
Q

Patient education for Famotidine use?

A

-stop or limit the use of smoking, alcohol, antacids, ASA, and NSAIDs

108
Q

Which group of laxatives is the most frequently abused by the gen pub?

A

Group 3

109
Q

Famotidine belongs to which class?

A

H2 blockers

110
Q

How do we reduce the risk of TD with use of Metoclopramide?

A

treatment should be as brief as possible using the lowest effective dose.

111
Q

Why does milk of magnesium need to be avoided in renal impairment?

A

The only place we can lose magnesium is through our kidneys so magnesium may accumulate to high levels, causing signs of toxicity.

112
Q

Can patient’s still take antacids with Famotidine?

A

Yes, but should separate by 1 hour

PHARM (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions