Calcium channel blockers Flashcards
Where are calcium channels located?
Vascular smooth msl
What happens when calcium goes through the channel?
contraction
What are inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic drugs?
Drugs that affect contractility, HR, and conduction speeds
What are the 2 classifications of CCBs?
Dihydropyridines and orphan drugs
What are the 2 groups of orphan drugs?
Phenylalanine (Verapamil) and Benzothiazepine (Diltiazem)
MOA of Dihydropyridines?
act primarily on the arterioles (peripheral vascular system)
MOA of orphan drugs?
act on arterioles AND the heart
What class of CCB is NifeDIPINE?
Dihydropyridine
Indications for DIPINES?
HTN or anti-anginals
Adverse effects of DIPINES?
Reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, dizziness, flushing, gingival hyperplasia, HA, bradycardia, heart block, No constipation.
Indications for orphan drugs?
angina pectoris, essential HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias
MOA of orphan drugs?
affect peripheral and cardiac arterioles; negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic affect. No reflex tachycardia.
Adverse effects of orphan drugs?
constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, bradycardia, HA, edema, sick sinus syndrome, HF, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
What foods and drugs should we stay away from when taking orphan drugs?
Digoxin, beta blockers, and grapefruit juice
How is Verapamil metabolized?
It has a significant 1st pass effect, hepatic metabolism
How is Diltiazem metabolized?
Peaks within 1hr, renal excretion
Which vitals are most important to monitor when taking Orphan drugs?
HR and BP
Which vitals are we most concerned about when giving DIPINES?
BP
What lab should we asses before administering?
liver and kidney function
How should IV CCB for dysrhythmias be given?
Slowly
What should we monitor during med administration?
EKG for AV block, bradycardia, or prolonged PR or QT interval
MOA of CCBs?
Relaxes the blood vessels by blocking the mvt of calcium
Why are sustained release drugs beneficial?
Prevent reflex tachycardia
