Bacteriostatic Flashcards
What is the prototype for bacteriostatic medications?
Tetracycline
Therapeutic use of Tetracycline?
mycoplasma (PNA), chlamydia and rickettsia, acne vulgaris, PCN allergy substitute, H pylori
MOA of Tetracyclines?
Binds with 3OS ribosomes and inhibits microbial protein synthesis
Adverse effects of TtracycliNE?
N/V/D, photosensitivity, esophagitis/ulceration, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasia, hypersensitivity, superinfection
Why shouldn’t children be given Tetracycline?
d/t discoloration of the teeth and enamel hypoplasia in children < 8, as well as interference with bone growth
Contraindications for Tetracycline?
hypersensitivity, pregnancy/lactation
Tetracycline precautions?
renal failure
Route, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of Tetracycline?
Route: PO; rapid
Absorption: 75% stomach
Metabolism: liver
Excretion: active form via renal
Should tetracycline be taken on an empty stomach or with food?
on an empty stomach (1hr AC or 2 hours PC); 2 hours between use of tetracycline and chelators
How to minimize GI adverse effects of Tetracycline?
Take with food but note that it can reduce absorption
Why should ultraviolet light be avoided with tetracycline?
It can cause a sunburn; photosensitivity
What symptoms should the pt notify the provider that may indicate a superinfection with the use of Tetracyclines?
diarrhea (c diff) or vaginal/anal itching (yeast)
Interactions with Tetracyclines?
milk products, calcium and iron supplements, laxatives containing Mg, and antacids causes formation of nonabsorbable chelators → reducing absorption
What should patients avoid to prevent esophagitis with tetracycline use?
taking med just before lying down
What is the prototype for macrolides?
Erythromycin
Therapeutic use of Erythromycin?
PCN allergy substitute, STI, pertussis
MOA of Erythromycin?
suppresses protein synthesis at the level of the 50S bacterial ribosome
Adverse effects of ErytRhrOmyCiN?
N/V, phlebitis, ototoxicity, rash, superinfection, prolonged QT interval, Torsades de pointes, pseudomembranous colitis
Contraindications for Erythromycin?
hypersensitivity, hx of prolonged QT, concurrent use of pimozide, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, procainamide, quinidine, dofetilide, amiodarone, or sotalol
Erythromycin precautions?
liver/renal disease
Geriatric population → increased risk of ototoxicity and prolonged QT interval
Route, metabolism, and excretion of Erythromycin?
Route: PO, IV; rapid onset
Metabolism: partially by liver by cytochrome P450
Excretion: mainly in bile, small amount of urine
Can Erythromycin be taken with meals?
Should be on empty stomach 1h AC and 2h PC
If GI upset take with meals
How should the Erythromycin IV infusion be administered?
Slow infusion
T/F. Patients should not drink grapefruit juice with Erythromycin
True
