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PHARM > EXAM 4 > Flashcards

EXAM 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is tolerable upper intake level (UL)?

A

the highest average daily intake that CAN be consumed by nearly all safely; not a recommendation.

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2
Q

Examples of Ectoparasiticides?

A

scabies and pediculosis

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3
Q

Which vitamin is the only one that reaches toxic levels?

A

vitamin A

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4
Q

Adverse effect caused by high levels of vitamin E?

A

increases risk of hemorrhagic stroke

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5
Q

Effects of vitamin A toxicity?

A

birth defects; liver injury and bone related disorders.

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6
Q

What abx can be used for long-term therapy of Crohn’s tx?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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7
Q

How is Malathion (Ovide) administered for head lice?

A
  • Saturate dry hair.
  • Allow to dry naturally with hair uncovered.
  • After 8–12 hr, wash and rinse.
  • Afterward, use a fine-toothed comb to remove nits.
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8
Q

Which classes belong under anti-secretory agents?

A

PPIs and H2 blockers

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9
Q

Adverse effect of B1 and B6?

A

pain at injection site

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10
Q

What does Bactrim do to body lice?

A

It kills the bacteria that louse use to manufacture B vitamins.

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11
Q

If either TB skin test or blood test are positive what tests will then be ordered?

A

CXR and sputum culture

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12
Q

What is adequate intake (AI)?

A

estimate of the average daily intake required to meet nutritional needs

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13
Q

What is required to absorb fat soluble vitamins?

A

healthy pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

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14
Q

What are contraindications for laxative use?

A
  1. Sx of appendicitis, regional enteritis, diverticulitis, or ulcerative colitis.
  2. acute surgical abdomen.
  3. Fecal impaction or bowel obstruction.
  4. Habitual use.
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15
Q

Vitamin deficiencies are often the result of what?

A

poverty, fad diets, alcohol/drug abuse, or prolonged parenteral feedings

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16
Q

What are the goals for PUD tx?

A
  1. Alleviate sx
  2. Promote healing
  3. Prevent complications
  4. Prevent recurrence
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17
Q

Are abx effective for Crohn’s?

A

can control sx but not cure it

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18
Q

Contraindications for enteral nutrition?

A

Major GI issues (peritonitis, any obstruction, intractable diarrhea)

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19
Q

Use for parenteral nutrition?

A

patients who are unable to tolerate enteral feedings or don’t have a working GI

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20
Q

Which abx are 1st line of defense for H pylori tx?

A

Clarithromycin ; Amoxicillin; Bismuth compounds; Tetracycline; Metronidazole; Tinidazole

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21
Q

What adverse effect is shared with PPIs and H2 blockers?

A

PNA

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22
Q

When are patients given abx along with PPIs or H2 blockers to treat PUD?

A

Confirmed H pylori infection

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23
Q

Which parenteral nutrition requires a central line?

A

TPN

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24
Q

What receptors are involved in the emetic response?

A

Serotonin, glucocorticoids, substance P, neurokinin1, dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine

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25
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

B1 (thiamine), B2, B3, B6 (niacin), B9, B12, and C

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26
Q

What are some potential complications of laxative abuse?

A

Diminished defecatory reflexes, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, colitis.

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27
Q

What is Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

A

Level of intake that will meet nutritional requirements for 50% of healthy individuals in any life-stage or gender group

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28
Q

What may be used to treat traveler’s diarrhea caused by E coli?

A

Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin

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29
Q

Which vitamin deficiencies take longer to manifest? Fat or water soluble.

A

Fat soluble because the vitamins are stored in the fat tissue.

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30
Q

What is the first round treatment strategy for H pylori?

A

Clarithromycin / Amoxicillin plus a PPI like omeprazole

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31
Q

Where are the most common sites of scabies infestation?

A

Adults: Wrists, elbows, nipples, navel, genital region, webs of the fingers

Children: Head, neck, buttocks

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32
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins?

A

D,A,K,E

33
Q

Adverse effect of B12?

A

HA, arthralgia, and diarrhea

34
Q

T/F. It is dangerous to give antidiarrheal med if they have an active infection.

A

True

35
Q

Why should laxatives be used w/ caution in pregnancy and lactation?

A

it can induce labor by stimulating the GI and the laxative may be excreted in breast milk during lactation.

36
Q

How long is the intensive phase of TB tx and how many drugs are used?

A

8 weeks and 4 drugs

37
Q

Lice that remain on the body can be killed by which drugs?

A

permethrin and malathion

38
Q

What abx is highly effective in patients w/ mild or moderate Crohn’s?

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

39
Q

What is the primary sx of scabies?

A

Pruritus, most intense just after going to bed

40
Q

What is laxative effect?

A

Production of soft, formed stool over 1 or more days; usually for everyday use.

41
Q

Are abx effective for UC?

A

No

42
Q

Infection w/ resistant TB results from?

A
  1. Contact with someone who has resistant bacteria.

2. Inadequate tx

43
Q

How is Nix permethrin administered?

A
  • Apply to damp shampooed hair.
  • Leave on 10 minutes and then rinse with warm water.
  • Use fine-toothed comb to remove nits.
  • Repeat if living lice are noted 1 week later
44
Q

What are the 5 key classes of anti-ulcer drugs?

A
  1. Abx
  2. Anti-secretory
  3. Mucosal protectants
  4. Anti-secretory that enhance mucosal defenses.
  5. Antacids
45
Q

Adverse effect of vitamin K?

A

pain at injection site, facial flushing

46
Q

What is the leading cause of PUD?

A

H pylori

47
Q

How is Elimite Permethrin administered?

A
  • Massage into skin from head to soles of feet.
  • Leave on 8–14 hr before washing.
  • Re-treat if living mites are seen 2 weeks after treatment.
48
Q

Why is the relapse rate high following discontinuation of anti-ulcer drugs?

A

They don’t alter the disease process but create conditions that will aid in healing

49
Q

T/F. Vitamins have few adverse effects when taken responsibly.

A

True

50
Q

What are the 6 antiviral classes for HIV?

A
  1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI).
  2. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI).
  3. Protease inhibitors (PI).
  4. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI).
  5. HIV infusion inhibitors
  6. CCR5 antagonist.
51
Q

Complications of parenteral nutrition?

A

mechanical: clogged IV
metabolic: fluid overload, refeeding syndrome, electrolyte imbalances.
infectious: TPN has high glucose.

52
Q

Why might there be an order for “free water” with tube feeding?

A

it fails to provide adequate water

53
Q

What 2 diagnostic tests will give a diagnosis of possible TB exposure?

A

TB skin test or Quantefirum gold test

54
Q

What are Ectoparasiticides?

A

parasites that live on the surface of a host.

55
Q

What is pediculosis ciliaris?

A

lice on the eyelashes

56
Q

What is catharsis?

A

prompt fluid evacuation of the bowel.Tends to be about bowel prep

57
Q

Baseline evaluation prior to all TB meds?

A

CXR, microbiology sputum, and liver function tests

58
Q

All TB 1st line agents are hard on which organ?

A

The liver

59
Q

Adverse effects of Permethrin?

A

temporary burning, stinging & numbness.

60
Q

Prolonged use of high-dose metronidazole can increase risk of what?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

61
Q

What is Extensively-drug resistant TB (XDR TB)

A

Resistance to:

  1. Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampin
  2. All fluoroquinolones
  3. At least one of the injectable second-line drugs.
62
Q

What are causative factors of TB relapse?

A
  1. Treatment time too short.

2. Surviving bacilli may cause TB later

63
Q

Is Malathion approved for children?

A

> 6

64
Q

Why does someone need to take pancreatic enzymes?

A

Deficiency of enzymes compromise digestion

65
Q

Complications of enteral nutrition?

A

aspiration, N/V/D, refeeding syndrome, clogged feeding tube.

66
Q

What are pancrelipase?

A

Pancreatic enzyme for clinical use; mixture of lipases, amylases, and proteases prepared from hog pancreas.

67
Q

Adverse effect of vitamin D?

A

metallic taste

68
Q

Use of enteral nutrition?

A

When there’s a working GI system but unable to take PO.

69
Q

Which mineral supplements are often needed in women and children?

A

iron and calcium

70
Q

How many drugs are given during the continuation phase?

A

at least 2

71
Q

Abx should only be used for what kind of infectious diarrhea?

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, or C diff

72
Q

T/F. All minerals are toxic when taken in excess

A

True

73
Q

What is multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB)?

A

Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin

74
Q

Which parenteral nutrition can use peripheral access?

A

PPN

75
Q

Sx for lithium level <1.5

A

N/V/D, thirst, polyuria, lethargy, slurred speech, msl weakness, fine hand tremors

76
Q

Sx for lithium level 1.5-2

A

persistent GI upset, coarse hand tremor, confusion, hyperirritability of msls, EKG changes, sedation, incoordination

77
Q

Sx for lithium level 2-2.5

A

Ataxia, fasciculations, seizures, stupor

78
Q

Sx for lithium level >2.5

A

generalized convulsions, oliguria, death

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