Generalized sympathomimetics Flashcards
What type of adrenergic receptor agonist is epinephrine?
Nonselective α1, α2 and β1, β2 AR agonist
Epinephrine activates multiple adrenergic receptors, leading to various physiological effects.
What are the main effects of epinephrine?
Bronchodilates, vasoconstricts
These actions are crucial in treating conditions like anaphylactic shock.
What conditions is epinephrine used to treat?
Cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, anaphylactic shock
How is epinephrine metabolized?
Rapidly metabolized by MAO and COMT
This rapid metabolism affects its duration of action.
What is a key characteristic of epinephrine regarding its solubility?
More polar, less lipid soluble
This characteristic limits its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
What type of agonist is dopamine?
Nonselective Catecholamine agonist
Dopamine acts on various receptors depending on the dose.
What are the effects of dopamine at low, medium, and high doses?
Low dose = renal vasodilation (D1), Medium dose = increase cardiac output (B1), High dose = peripheral vasoconstriction (α1)
The dose-dependent effects of dopamine are critical in clinical settings.
What conditions is dopamine used to treat?
Shock, heart failure, renal hypoperfusion
Dopamine is particularly useful in managing these cardiovascular issues.
What are potential side effects of dopamine?
Arrhythmias, tachycardia, potential ischemia
Careful titration is required to minimize these risks.
What type of agonist is norepinephrine?
Nonselective Catecholamine agonist
Norepinephrine primarily activates α1 and α2 receptors with some β1 and β3 stimulation.
What are the predominant effects of norepinephrine?
Predominantly α1 and α2 activation with β1 (and β2) stimulation
This receptor activation pattern is essential for its therapeutic effects.
What conditions is norepinephrine used to treat?
Septic or distributive shock, hypotension
Norepinephrine is a first-line treatment for these conditions.
What is a significant effect of norepinephrine on the cardiovascular system?
Marked vasoconstriction with hypertension and reflex bradycardia
These effects are crucial to understand in managing patients receiving norepinephrine.
