ACE System Inhibitors (RAAS inhibitors) Flashcards
What is the therapeutic advantage of ACE inhibitors?
Well studied; reduces risk of cardiovascular mortality in hypertension patients
Standard of care for patients who had myocardial infarction or heart failure
How do ACE inhibitors differ from beta-adrenergic antagonists regarding asthma patients?
Not contraindicated in asthma patients; does not interfere with B2 receptor dilation
Beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction in asthma patients
What is a key difference between ACE inhibitors and A1 sympatholytic drugs?
ACE inhibitors don’t interfere with cardiovascular reflex responses like compensatory adjustments to orthostatic hypotension or exercise
A1 sympatholytic drugs can affect these reflexes
What is Aliskiren and its mechanism of action?
Renin inhibitor; binds directly to renin, inhibiting conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Used for hypertension
What are the side effects of Aliskiren?
Cough, risk of angioedema, diarrhea, hyperkalemia; monitor renal function and electrolytes
Not used often due to limited effectiveness despite MoA, body finds a way around it
What is Captopril’s mechanism of action?
Inhibits ACE, decreasing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; increases bradykinin levels
Leads to arteriole dilation and decreased blood volume
What conditions is Captopril used for?
Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy
Effective in managing these conditions
What are the side effects of Captopril?
Hypotension with first dose, dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal failure
Use with caution in renal impairment and contraindicated in pregnancy
What is Losartan and its mechanism of action?
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB); blocks AT2 receptors to prevent vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion
Directly dilates arterioles and veins, decreasing blood volume and blood pressure
What conditions is Losartan used for?
Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy
Similar to Captopril in therapeutic uses
What are the side effects of Losartan?
Angioedema, renal failure, dizziness, hyperkalemia; lower risk of cough compared to ACE inhibitors
ARBs are often better tolerated than ACE inhibitors
