Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Biology 2020 > General Embryology 1/12/17 > Flashcards

General Embryology 1/12/17 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is embryology?

A

-Study of prenatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does prenatal development occur?

A

Start with pregnancy until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two periods of prenatal development occur during the first trimester?

A
  • Perimplantation

- Embryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What period constitutes the last two trimesters?

A

-Fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Each craniofacial structure has a ____ the earliest indication of a tissue or an organ during prenatal development.

A

-Primordium (fore runner for structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From the zygote what does mitosis lead to the formation of?

A

-blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the blastocysts contain?

A

-a fluid filled vesicle that implants in the uterine wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The blastocyst will then give way to a disc and begin to differentiate into what?

A

3 distinct germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three ways that growth factors can work?

A
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine
  • Endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three changes that can be induced by growth factors?

A
  • Proliferation
  • Differentiation
  • Apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a critical growth factor in craniofacial development?

A

-Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At gastrulation what happens with BMP?

A

-Switches between epidermal vs neural fate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Negative regulator of myogenesis? (makes bone instead of muscle)

A

BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of genes code for transcription factors that make cells pattern into one tissue organ type or another?

A

-Homeobox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of genes are involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic development?

A

-Homeobox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of genes help regulate which end is going to be which?

A

-Homeobox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cell adhesion molecules are calcium dependent?

A

-Cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cell adhesion molecules are calcium independent?

A

-CAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What molecules are responsible for specific cell aggregation and sorting?

A

-Cell adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nuerectoderm progenitors express what adhesion molecule?

A

-N-CAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Skin ectoderm progenitors express what adhesion molecule?

A

-L-CAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the first period of embryological development?

A

-Perimplantation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the perimplantation period occur?

A

-During the first week after conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

To form a blastocyst what must occur?

A

-Cell division (mitosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitosis, or individual cell divsion or ______?

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

After the initial cleavage of the zygote what is the solid ball of cells known as?

A

-Morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When the blastocyst stops and implants in the thickened uterine wall or endometrium it is known as what process?

A

-Implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What invades the uterine wall that ultimately becomes the placenta?

A

-Trophoblast cells

29
Q

When does the embryonic period occur?

A

Beginning of week 2 to end of week 8

30
Q

During the embryonic period what are important spatial and temporal events called?

A

-Patterning

31
Q

When starts to form during the embryonic period?

A
  • Pharyngeal arches
  • Somite development
  • Face development
  • Palate and tongue formation
32
Q

T/F

During the embryonic phase axial specification occurs.

A

True

33
Q

When does the development of dentition begin?

A

-Embryonic phase

34
Q

When one group of cells tells another groups of cell that are competent what to do is called what?

A

-Induction

35
Q

What is the term for cell division and increase in number and accumulation of cell products?

A

-Proliferation

36
Q

What is differentiation?

A

-Development of specific structures and or functions by individual cells or group of cells

37
Q

What is morphogenesis?

A

-Cell migration, interactions, and proliferations causing the development of specific structures

38
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

-Formation of the 3 germ layers

39
Q

What is the origin of the Ectoderm?

A

-Epiblast layer

40
Q

What is the origin of the Mesoderm?

A

-Migrating cells from epiblast

41
Q

What is the origin of the endoderm?

A

-Hypoblast layer

42
Q

What are the future systemic tissues from the ectoderm?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Sensory epithelium of eyes
  • ears
  • nose
  • nervous system
  • neural crest
  • mammary and cutaneous glands
43
Q

What are future systemic tissues from the mesoderm?

A
  • Dermis
  • Muscle
  • Bone
  • Lymphatics
  • Blood cells and bone marrow
  • cartilage
  • reproductive and excretory organs
44
Q

What are the future systemic tissues from the endoderm?

A
  • Respiratory and digestive system linings

- Liver and pancreatic cells

45
Q

After the blastocyst implants the embryoblast differentiates into what two layers?

A
  • Dorsal cells (epiblast)

- Ventral cells (hypoblast)

46
Q

The Epiblast layer (dorsal cells) reorganize to form what?

A

-amniotic cavity

47
Q

The ventral cells (hypoblast layer forms what?

A

-The roof of the secondary yolk sac

48
Q

The bilaminar germ disc layer that is superior and has high columnar cells is which layer?

A

-Epiblast

49
Q

The bilaminar germ disc layer that is inferior and has small cuboidal cells is what layer?

A

-Hypoblast

50
Q

After the formation of the bilaminar disk a structure called what forms?

A

-Primitive streak

51
Q

T/F

The primitive streak is the future bilateral symmetry along a rostral-caudal axis.

A

-True

52
Q

What layer folds to form the primitive streak?

A

-Epiblast

53
Q

What cells invaginate at the primitive mode forming the primitive pit?

A

-Ectodermal cells

54
Q

What cells actually form the true embryonic endoderm and mesoderm?

A

Mesoblast

55
Q

The notochord and mesoderm separate the ectoderm and endoderm everywhere except where?

A
  • Prochordal plate

- Cecal plate

56
Q

The fold at the prochordal plate form what membrane?

A

-Oropharyngeal (buccopharyngeal)

57
Q

What layer cells give rise to tooth enamel?

A

-Ectodermal

58
Q

What oral structures are derived from mesodermal cells?

A
  • Dentin
  • pulp
  • cementum
  • periodontal ligament (though all of these come from the neural crest)
59
Q

What three events occur after week 3 or gastrulation?

A
  • Differentiation of nervous system
  • formation/migration of neural crest
  • Embryo folding
60
Q

The paraxial portion of the mesoderm is responsible for forming what?

A
  • Cartilage

- segmented muscle

61
Q

The intermediate portion of the mesoderm is responsible for forming what?

A
  • Kidneys

- Gonads

62
Q

The lateral plate of the mesoderm is responsible for forming what?

A
  • Heart

- Gut

63
Q

What do differentiated mesoderm germ rise to?

A

-Somites

64
Q

What does the neural tube expand to form?

A
  • Forebrain
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
65
Q

What does the neural crest develop from?

A

-Neuroectoderm

66
Q

What disease occurs when there is a failure of neural crest cells to migrate to the facial region?

A

-Treacher Collins syndrome

67
Q

What is the term for the primitive mouth?

A

-Stomodeum

68
Q

What gives rise to the primitive pharynx?

A

-Foregut

Oral Biology 2020 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions