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Oral Biology 2020 > Enamel II TEST #2 2/14/17 Colombo > Flashcards

Enamel II TEST #2 2/14/17 Colombo Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F Enamel formation is simultaneous throughout the tooth.

A

False

They are no simultaneous

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2
Q

What are three enamel deposition proteins?

A
  • Ameloginins
  • Ameloblastin
  • Enameliln
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3
Q

What is an enamel protein that deals with the organic component degradation?

A
  • Enamelysin

- enamel matrix sering protease

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4
Q

What is an enamel protein that deals with the basal lamina during maturation?

A

-Amelotin

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5
Q

What is the main protein family in developing enamel (89-90%)?

A

-Amelogenins

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6
Q

When are amelogenins expressed?

A

-Only while enamel is being produced (stops during maturation)

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7
Q

What enamel protein restricts the lateral Hydroxyapatitie growth?

A

-Amelogenins

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8
Q

T/F If you have no amelogenins you will have no enamel rods

A

True

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9
Q

What enamel protein is about 10% of the enamel organic content?

A

-Ameloblastin

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10
Q

When is ameloblastin expressed?

A

-All the way through maturation

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11
Q

What is the least abundant enamel protein?

A

-Enamelin

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12
Q

If you lose enamel what occurs?

A

-You get no enamel

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13
Q

T/F If you lose ameloblastins the ameloblasts “fall off” leading to no enamel

A

True

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14
Q

What is an enamel protein that is MMP?

A

-Enamelysin

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15
Q

When do you find enamelysin?

A

-During enamel deposition

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16
Q

What does enamelysin chop up?

A
  • Ameloblastin

- Enamelin

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17
Q

If you lose enamelysin what occurs?

A

-You get thin immature enamel

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18
Q

What degrades Amelogenins?

A

-Enamel Matrix serine protease

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19
Q

What occurs if you lose Enamel Matrix serine proteases?

A

-Immature enamel

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20
Q

What are three reasons to do enamel acid etching?

A
  • Fissure sealants
  • Bonding restorative materials to enamel
  • Cementing orthodontic materials to enamel
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21
Q

T/F Acid etching provides better bonding surfaces

A

True

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22
Q

How is acid etching accomplished?

A

-Dissolving enamel crystals

23
Q

What is the most common type of acid etching?

A

-Type I

24
Q

What does type I enamel etch?

A

-Removal of enamel rods

25
Q

What does type II enamel etch?

A

-Interrod enamel romoved

26
Q

What does type III enamel etch?

A

-Both interrod and enamel rod removal (irregular and indiscriminate pattern)

27
Q

What is erosion?

A

-Removal of enamel by break down of crystals

28
Q

What causes abfraction?

A

-Stresses placed on the tooth on the rod-interrod enamel causing the rods to separate

29
Q

What are two reasons that enamel appears darker in older individuals?

A
  • Staining

- Thinning of enamel

30
Q

What happens with the water content as enamel ages?

A

-The water content decreases

31
Q

T/F Enamel becomes less porous over time

A

TRUE

32
Q

What are two periodic features of enamel structure?

A
  • Striae of Retzius / Perikymata

- Cross Striations

33
Q

What are two optical features of enamel structure?

A
  • Hunter-Schreger Bands

- Gnarled Enamel

34
Q

What are three histological features of enamel structure?

A
  • Enamel Tufts
  • Enamel Lamellae
  • Enamel Spindles
35
Q

What appears as longitudinal lines or stripes on ground section (non demineralized) running from the DEJ to the enamel surface?

A

-Striae of Retzius

36
Q

What do accentuated striae such as the neonatal line indicate?

A

-Significant physiological disturbances

37
Q

What is the most accentuated stria of Retzius?

A

-Neonatal Line (reflects changes at birth)

38
Q

T/F The Neonatal line is found in all primary teeth

A

True

39
Q

What are surface manifestation of Stiae of Retzius?

A

-Perikymata

40
Q

What do the Cross striations show?

A

-Enamel growth rate at 4 microns per day

41
Q

What is an optical phenomenon due to differential light scattering when adjacent groups of rods alternate direction?

A

-Bands of Hunter-Schreger

42
Q

What do bands of Hunter-Schreger appear as?

A

-Alternating light and dark bands

43
Q

What is a complex twisting of rods as they proceed vertically away from the DEJ?

A

-Gnarled Enamel

44
Q

T/F Enamel tufts contain more enamel proteins and are hypocalcified

A

True

45
Q

What do the enamel lamellae function to do?

A

-Give the enamel more structural support to resist fracture

46
Q

What is the difference between lamellae and tufts?

A

-Lamellae run all the way through the enamel and tufts only run part way through

47
Q

What do enamel spindles result from?

A

-Odontoblastic processes that traverse the DEJ and penetrate the enamel

48
Q

Where do you often see enamel spindles?

A
  • Cusp tips

- Incisal tip

49
Q

T/F Enamel spindles are enamel

A

False

-They have trace amounts of dentin

50
Q

What is the Developmental problems with tooth development/enamel formation known as?

A

-Genetic dysplasia

51
Q

What does tetracycline staining look like?

A

-Brown, yellow or gray band of pigmentation

52
Q

T/F Excess fluoride interferes with amelogenesis

A

True

53
Q

What type of mineralized enamel do you get if you take to much fluoride?

A

-Hypermineralized

Oral Biology 2020 (21 decks)

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