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Oral Biology 2020 > 2/9/17 Colombo TEST #2 Enamel I > Flashcards

2/9/17 Colombo TEST #2 Enamel I Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F The underlying dentin support is critical for function of enamel

A

True

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2
Q

Enamel is cellular or acellular?

A

-Acellular

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3
Q

T/F Enamel is a brittle material

A

True

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4
Q

What is the purpose of teeth?

A

-Survive repeated cyclical loading

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5
Q

If your whole tooth was enamel would it break?

A

-Yes because enamel is brittle

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6
Q

T/F Mature enamel is translucent with a range of colors

A

True

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7
Q

Where is enamel the thickest at?

A

-The crown

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8
Q

How thick is the enamel in mm?

A

2.5 mm

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9
Q

What is enamel composed primarily of?

A

-Hydroxyapatite crystals

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10
Q

What direction does enamel grow?

A

-Outwards

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11
Q

What is another name for the protein component of enamel?

A

-The organic material at 1 %

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12
Q

T/F Enamel has collagen

A

False

-It has not collagen

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13
Q

What are four major enamel proteins?

A
  • amelogenins
  • ameloblastins
  • enamelin
  • tuftelin
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14
Q

T/F Enamel crystals are closely packed, long, and ribbon like

A

True

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15
Q

What are the two components of the crystals in enamel organization?

A
  • Enamel rods

- Interrod enamel

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16
Q

What is the formula for hydroxyapatite?

A

Ca5(PO4)3(OH)

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17
Q

What two minerals that hydroxyapatite might incorporate are more vulnerable to acid attack?

A
  • Carbonate

- Magnesium

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18
Q

What mineral that hydroxyapatite might incorporate is less vulnerable to acid attack?

A

-Fluoride

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19
Q

The inner enamel crystals are usually what instead of hydroxyapatite

A

-carbonatopatite

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20
Q

What two components of hydroxyapatite an (CO3)2 replace?

A
  • (PO4)3

- OH

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21
Q

Where on the enamel do you typically find fluoride?

A

-Outer enamel

22
Q

What shape is each enamel crystal?

A

-Hexagonal

23
Q

What is an enamel rod?

A

-Cylindrical accumulation of enamel crystals, lined up along the long axis of the rod

24
Q

What direction do rods generally run?

A

-Perpendicular to the DEJ (pulp)

25
Q

T/F

A Rod contains multiple ameloblasts

A

False

-1 Ameloblasts = 1 Rod

26
Q

What is the rod sheath?

A

-A protein rich area of enamel that surrounds the rods

27
Q

How far around each rod do the rod sheaths run?

A

-3/4

28
Q

What do the rod sheaths separate?

A

-Rod and inter-rod enamel

29
Q

What are two rod sheath proteins?

A
  • Ameloblastins

- Amelogenins

30
Q

If there are gaps of the rod sheath what are the enamel crystals continuous with?

A

-Interrod enamel

31
Q

T/F Interrod enamel has the same basic composition as rods, but are simply different in enamel crystal orientation

A

True

32
Q

What is the most vulnerable part of enamel to caries?

A

-Rod sheaths

33
Q

What are the three general phases of ameloblast maturation?

A
  • Presecretory
  • Secretory
  • Mautration
34
Q

As the inner enamel epithelium develops what do they form?

A

-Ameloblasts

35
Q

What stimulates the ameloblasts to move?

A

-Pre-dentin formation by odontoblasts

36
Q

T/F AS enamel matures, organic component is reduce and mineralization increases

A

True

37
Q

What happens in the pre-secretory phase?

A

-Mature from pre-ameloblasts to ameloblasts

38
Q

What happens in the secretory phase?

A

-Deposition of enamel

39
Q

What happens in the maturation phase?

A

-Reduction of organic matrix, increase mineralization via ion transport

40
Q

How does the pre-dentin get exposed to the ameloblasts to initiate the ameloblast to lay down enamel?

A

-The basal lamina gets penetrated by cell projections to break it down

41
Q

Tome’s process projects into the developing enamel and is the site of what?

A

-Secretory activity

42
Q

What effectively forms the Enamel Rod structure

A

-Tomes’ Process

43
Q

Does the rod or interrod enamel form first?

A

-Inter-rod

44
Q

T/F The interrod forms a groove (pit) into which rods are formed

A

True

45
Q

What type of enamel cell do you get when you have infiltration and incorporation of calcium ions into crystals, get a lowered pH perhaps favors mineralization. Secretion of proteolytic enzymes?

A

Ruffled cells

46
Q

What type of enamel cell allows diffusion out of protein fragments out of enamel, which leak in between cells and laterally defuse through cell layer?

A

-Smooth cells

47
Q

What is the fate of the Enamel organ?

A

-Fusion of the IEE and OEE to form the reduced enamel epithelium

48
Q

What does the Reduced Enamel Epithelium fuse with to form a covering over the tooth?

A

-Oral epithelium

49
Q

What is the last secretory product of the ameloblasts?

A

-Primary enamel cuticle

50
Q

What is formed from remains of the REE merged with the oral epithelium and is removed due to mechanical forces?

A

-Secondary enamel cuticle

Oral Biology 2020 (21 decks)

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