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Oral Biology 2020 > 4/4/17 Bone TEST #4 > Flashcards

4/4/17 Bone TEST #4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What percent of bone is inorganic?

A

-67 %

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2
Q

What is the inorganic component of bone?

A
  • Hydroxyapatitie
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3
Q

In bone, hydroxyapatite is overlaid on what type of scaffold?

A

-Collagen I

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4
Q

What is the range of calcium homeostasis?

A

9-10 mg/dL

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5
Q

If you have high amounts of Ca2+ what hormone is released to lower the amounts of Ca2+ by taking it into bone and increasing Ca2+ excretion?

A

-Calcitonin

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6
Q

If you have low amounts of Ca2+ what hormone is released to raise the amounts of Ca2+?

A

-Parathyroid hormone

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7
Q

Parathyroid hormone acts on osteoblasts which act on what other bone cell?

A

-Osteoclasts

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8
Q

Some of the non-collagenous proteins in bone are a reservoir for what?

A

-Growth factors involved in tissue repair

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9
Q

T/F Bone contains hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cells in the marrow

A

True

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10
Q

Outer layer of bone is what type of bone?

A

-Compact (cortical) bone

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11
Q

The inner cavity of bone contains what?

A
  • Marrow

- Cancellous (trabecular) bone

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12
Q

T/F Bone is avascular

A

False

-Bone is highly vascular

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13
Q

What are the three organizational units found in compact bone?

A
  • Circumferential
  • Concentric (osteonic) lamellae
  • Interstitial lamellae
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14
Q

What organization unit in compact bone fills the space between concentric lamellae that were formally concentric lamellae?

A

-Interstitial lamellae

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15
Q

What organizational unit in compact bone is the intact bone of osteons around haversian canals?

A

-Concentric lamellae

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16
Q

What organization unit in compact bone is the outer ring of bone tissue?

A

-Circumferential

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17
Q

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

A

-Osteon

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18
Q

What forms cylinders running parallel to the long axis of a bone?

A

-Osteon

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19
Q

Osteons are formed from what?

A

-Concentric lamellae

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20
Q

What connects haversian canals?

A

Volkmann canals

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21
Q

Where do you find cancellous bone?

A
  • Ends of long bones

- Apposition to joints and associated with marrow spaces

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22
Q

What type of bone provides structural support for marrow tissues?

A

-Cancellous bone

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23
Q

What is the connective tissue layer attached to the outer surface of a bone by Sharpey’s fibers?

A

-Periosteum

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24
Q

What are the two layers of the periosteum?

A
  • Outer fibrous layer

- Inner layer

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25
Q

Which layer of the periosteum is both highly cellular and vascularized?

A

-Inner layer

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26
Q

What is a loose connective tissue covering the inner surface of both cancellous and compact bone?

A

-Endosteum

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27
Q

What separates the marrow from the bone?

A

-Endosteum

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28
Q

What cell is a bone forming cell with a mesenchymal origin?

A

-Osteoblasts

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29
Q

What cells are considered bone cells with encapsulated osteoblasts?

A

-Osteocytes

30
Q

Which cell in bone creak down bone tissue and are of hematopoietic origin?

A

-Osteoclasts

31
Q

What are the origin of osteoclasts?

A

-Hematopoietic origin

32
Q

What is the origin of osteoblasts?

A

-Mesenchymal origin

33
Q

What bone cells are mononucleated cells which synthesize osteoid matrix?

A

-Osteoblasts

34
Q

What is the origin of an osteocyte?

A

-Mesenchymal because it comes from osteoblasts

35
Q

How do osteoblasts communicate with one another?

A

-Gap junctions

36
Q

In the head where do osteoblasts originate from?

A

-Ectomesenchyme

37
Q

What do osteoblasts produce?

A

-Osteoid matrix similar to odontoblasts

38
Q

What bone cell secretes growth factors into osteoid matrix?

A

-Osteoblasts

39
Q

When osteoblasts are embedded into the bone matrix what are they called?

A

-Osteocytes

40
Q

What are osteocytes housed in?

A

-Lacunae

41
Q

T/F Osteocytes can communicate with other osteocytes.

A

True

42
Q

What do osteocytes have that interact with surrounding bone tissue to cause mechanotranduction and coordinates osteoblasts/osteoclast activity?

A

-Cellular processes

43
Q

What type of bone cells are large multi-nucleated cells?

A

-Osteoclasts

44
Q

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

A

-Resorption of bone

45
Q

Osteoclasts are activated in what process?

A

-Inflammation (IL-1B, and TNF-alpha)

46
Q

What is the key marker in osteoclasts?

A

-TRAP

47
Q

Osteoclasts are attached to the surface via what?

A

-Integrin

48
Q

What are the resorption pits formed via osteoclasts?

A

-Howship’s Lacunae

49
Q

What is the zone between the howship’s lacunae and the intact bone?

A

-Lamina limitans

50
Q

Enzymes plus H+ ions secreted from osteoclast do what?

A

-Break down bone

51
Q

Parathyroid hormone acts on osteoblasts to express what factor?

A

-RANKL

52
Q

What does RANKL on osteoblasts interact with?

A

-RANK on osteoclasts

53
Q

When you have RANKL bind RANK what occurs?

A

-Activation of osteoclasts

54
Q

Osteoprotegerin is produced by what?

A

-osteoblasts once bound to RANKL

55
Q

Osteoprotegerin helps regulated what?

A

-Osteoclasts activity (puts the brakes on)

56
Q

What type of bone formation is involved in long bones?

A

-Endochondral

57
Q

The bones of the skull form from what type of bone formation?

A

-Intramembranous ossification

58
Q

What type of bone formation occurs when you have condensation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes?

A

-Endochondral formation

59
Q

When mineralized cartilage is broken down by chondroclasts it allows what to happen?

A

-Vasculature to penetrate

60
Q

What are mixed spicules?

A

-Mineralized collagen surrounded by bone matrix

61
Q

What is the first type of bone you get in intramembranous formation?

A

-Woven bone

62
Q

After woven bone is remodeled it becomes what?

A

-Mature trabecular bone with a collar of cortical bone around it

63
Q

Sutures are _____ connective tissue bands between paltes.

A

-Fibrous

64
Q

What do sutures allow the skull to do as bone formation proceeds?

A

-Flex

65
Q

Children turnover how much of their bone per year?

A

30-100%

66
Q

Adults turnover how much of their bone per year?

A

5% of cortical bone

15 % of trabecular

67
Q

Most bone is formed where?

A

-Around the periosteum (outside)

68
Q

Bone is mainly resorbed where?

A

Endosteum (inside)

69
Q

In cortical bone primary osteons are replaced by what?

A

-Secondary osteons

70
Q

When secondary osteons are replaced by tertiary osteons what occurs?

A

-Bone growth

Oral Biology 2020 (21 decks)

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