Frequent external consonant sandhi (of final -t, -n, -m)

Question 1

-t + vowel

Answer 1

-d + vowel, joined up in writing

Question 2

-t + voiced stop (except j)

Answer 2

-d + voiced stop, joined up in writing

Question 3

-t + j-

Answer 3

-j + j-, joined in writing

Question 4

-t + unvoiced stop (except c-)

Answer 4

-t + unvoiced stop, joined in writing

Question 5

-t + c-

Answer 5

-c + c-, joined in writing

Question 6

-t + nasal

Answer 6

-n + nasal, joined in writing

Question 7

-t + y-/l-/r-/v-

Answer 7

-d + y-/l-/r-/v-, joined in writing

Question 8

-t + ś-

Answer 8

-cch- (both sounds change, joined in writing)

Question 9

-t + s- or ṣ-

Answer 9

remains the same,

joined in writing

Question 10

-t + h-

Answer 10

-ddh- (both sounds change, joined in writing)

Question 11

-n + vowel

Answer 11

-n or -nn (if short vowel precedes), joined in writing

Question 12

-n + any velar stop

Answer 12

-n, joined in writing

Question 13

-n + c-/ch-

Answer 13

-ṃś, joined in writing (insert voiceless palatal ś before voiceless palatal stop)

Question 14

-n + j-/jh-

Answer 14

-ñ, joined in writing (becomes (voiced) palatal nasal before voiced palatal stop)

Question 15

-n +t-/th-

Answer 15

-ṃs, joined in writing (insert voiceless dental s before voiceless dental stop)

Question 16

-n + any labial stop

Answer 16

-n, joined in writing

Question 17

-n + d-/dh-

Answer 17

-n, joined in writing (remains (voiced) dental nasal before voiced dental stop)

Question 18

-n + n-/m-

Answer 18

-n, joined in writing

Question 19

-n + y-/v-/r-

Answer 19

-n, joined in writing

Question 20

-n + l-

Answer 20

-nasalised l, joined in writing

Question 21

-n + ś-

Answer 21

either -ñś-

or -ñch-

(n becomes palatal ñ before palatal ś)

Question 22

-n + ṣ-/s-

Answer 22

-n, joined in writing

Question 23

-n + h-

Answer 23

-n, joined in writing

Question 24

-m + vowel

Answer 24

remains -m, joined in writing

Question 25

-m + consonant

Answer 25

turns into anusvāra,

not joined in writing