10 Verb Classes

Question 1

1 bhvādi

Answer 1

√bhū -> bhavati

a- + guṇaḥ on the root

Question 2

4 divādi

Answer 2

√div -> dī́vyati

-ya- + root in zero grade (no guṇaḥ or vŕ̥ddhih)

irr. verbs go from short vowel to long (तम्, मद्, भ्रम्, शम्, श्रम्, दिव्)

Question 3

6 tudādi

Answer 3

√tud -> tudati

add -a- root, must be in zero grade (no guṇaḥ or vŕ̥ddhih)

=>IRR: prach -> pr̥ch pr̥cchati (+ sandhi)
=> these roots often end in a consonant

Question 4

10 curādi

Answer 4

√cur -> corayati

Formed with -aya-, which induces vŕ̥ddhiḥ on the root syllable, on final vowel.

On a middle vowel, it causes gunah.

Question 5

2 adādi

Answer 5

√ad => atti

endings directly onto the stem+ internal sandhi

strong stem => apply guṇah in the singular parasmai

weak stem => zero grade everywhere else

Question 6

3 juhotyādi

Answer 6

√hu -> juhoti

reduplication, generally of the same vowel √dā → da-dā

Long vowels are shortened :√bhī → bi-bhī

But a few roots ā take i : √mā → mi-mā / √śā → śi-śā”

Question 7

5 svādi

Answer 7

√su -> sunoti (he presses)

add-no-/-nu-to the verbal root.

• strong forms with the full-grade suffix-no-
• weak forms with the zero-grade suffix-nu-

Roots end in vowel: ubecomesvbefore endings with a vowel

Roots end in cons:ubecomes uvbefore endings with a vowel”

Question 8

7 rudhādi

Answer 8

√rudh -> ruṇaddhi (he blocks)

‘nasal infix’ between root’s vowel and final cons.

strong forms: the infix full-grade form-na-

weak forms: the infix takes the zero-grade form-n-

Question 9

8 tanādi

Answer 9

√tan -> tanoti

stem-forming affixu:

strong forms: full-grade orguṇaḥform-o-

weak forms: zero-grade form-u-

Question 10

9 kryādi

Answer 10

√krī -> krīṇāti

stem forming suffix -nā

strong form: -nā-in the strong for

weak forms: -nī-(before consonants) or-n-(before vowels)