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VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified > France - Champagne > Flashcards

France - Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?

A

No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique

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2
Q

What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?

A
  1. Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)

2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation

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3
Q

What is the soil type of Champagne?

A

Chalk / Limestone

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4
Q

Where is Champagne located? (name the longitude)

A

Northeastern France - 90 miles from Paris

49th parallel

One of the most northernmost regions

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5
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend

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6
Q

What are the two main rivers of Champagne?

A

Velse River - Montage de Reims

Marne River - Valle de la Marne

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7
Q

What is the weather type of Champagne, France?

A

Cold, wet, and damp

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8
Q

What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?

A

Reims

Èpernay

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9
Q

What region is closest to the city of Reims?

A

Montage de Reims

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10
Q

What region is closest to the city of Epernay?

A

Valle de la Marne

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11
Q

If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?

A

Côte de Blancs

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12
Q

If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?

A

Montage de Reims

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13
Q

What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?

A

Cuveè - first pressing

Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne

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14
Q

What are the 5 regions of Champagne?

A

North to south

  1. Montage de Reims
  2. Valle de la Marne
  3. Côte de Blancs
  4. Côte de Sèzanne
  5. The Aube
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15
Q

What is Remuage?

A

This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle

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16
Q

When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?

A

Brut Nature

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17
Q

A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, wines are dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?

A

Brut

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18
Q

Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?

A

Extra Dry or Extra Sec

(Note that extra Brut is something else)

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19
Q

A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?

A

Doux Champagne

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20
Q

What are champage vineyards called?

A

Houses

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21
Q

What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?

A

Pinot Meinsiur

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22
Q

What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?

A

fruit character

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23
Q

What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?

A

Weight and Structure

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24
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Meunier

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25
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier

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26
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

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27
Q

Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?

A

Chardonnay

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28
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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29
Q

The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of “fining”, to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?

A

Lees

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30
Q

What is the most common champagne style?

A

Non Vintage

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31
Q

Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?

A

Disgorgement

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32
Q

What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

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33
Q

What is the most southerly region in Champagne?

A

The Aube

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34
Q

Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?

A

Mèthode Ancestrale

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35
Q

If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?

A

Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne

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36
Q

If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?

A

Chardonnay

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37
Q

The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?

A

Liqueur D’expedition also known as Dosage

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38
Q

What is another name for Dosage?

A

Liqueur D’Expedition

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39
Q

What is Liquer de Tirage?

A

Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast

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40
Q

What are the steps of Method Champenoise?

A

Harvest

Pressing Grapes

Fermentation

Assemblage - Making Still Wine

Liqueur de Tirage

Second Fermentation

Aging

Riddling

Degorgement

Liqueur D’ Expedition (Dosage)

Recorking

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41
Q

How many bottles are on a Pupitre?

A

60 bottles

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42
Q

How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?

A

504 bottles

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43
Q

What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?

A

15 months

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44
Q

What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?

A

36 months

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45
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?

A

Brut

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46
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?

A

Brut Nature / Non Dose

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47
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?

A

Extra Dry / Extra Sec

48
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?

A

Sec / Dry

49
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?

A

Demi - Sec

50
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?

A

Doux

51
Q

What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market

A

Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles

52
Q

What are some common Champagne aromas?

A

Apple

Toast

Citrus

Yeast (Bread Dough)

Hazelnuts / Walnuts

53
Q

What is special about Champagne labeling?

A

They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label

54
Q

What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

Clay

55
Q

What does blocage and deblocage mean?

A

Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages

Deblocage - the release

56
Q

Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin

A

The Vueve Cliquot

57
Q

What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot

A

The development of the pupitre

58
Q

What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908

A

The Aube

59
Q

When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne

A

1927

60
Q

When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP

A

1936

61
Q

What is the Commission de Châlons

A

Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

62
Q

Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne

A

Montage de Reims

Côte des Bars (The Aube)

63
Q

Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange

A

Côte de Sézanne

Côte des Blancs

64
Q

Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange

A

Vallée de la Marne

65
Q

What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc

A

Southeast

East

66
Q

Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne

A

Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties

67
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Champagne

A

17

68
Q

How many premier Crus are in Champagne

A

42

69
Q

What does the CIVIC regulate

A
  1. Size of harvest
  2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
  3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
70
Q

What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated

A

Échelle de Crus

71
Q

If a village achieved the maximum échelle (“scale”) of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as

A

Grand Cru

72
Q

Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as

A

Crus

73
Q

Large Champange houses such as :

Möet et Chandon

Louis Roederer

Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin

Tattinger

Pol Roger

Perrier - Jouët

Mumm

Laurent - Perrier

All fall under what type of champagne produced

A

Négociant Manipulant

74
Q

What is a MA

A

Marque d’Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

75
Q

How long does the second fermentation process last

A

Up to 8 weeks

76
Q

What is a Demi

A

A half bottle of champagne

375 ml

77
Q

What is the size of the standard champagne bottle

A

750 ml

78
Q

What is a magnum

A

2 bottles - 1.5 ml

79
Q

What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne

A

80%

80
Q

Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Louis Roederer

81
Q

Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Laurent - Perrier

82
Q

Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Perrier - Jouët

83
Q

Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Pol Roger

84
Q

Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Ruinart

85
Q

La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Vueve Clicquot

86
Q

Name 3 grower producers

A

Nowack
Tarlant
Benoît Lahaye
Agrapart & Fils
David Léclapart

87
Q

Name 3 cooperatives

A
  1. Nicolas Feuillatte
  2. Champagne Mailly / Mailly Grand Cru
  3. Champagne Collet
88
Q

How many villages make up champagne

A

330 villages

89
Q

How many premier crus are there in Champagne

A

42

90
Q

What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne

A

Meunier makes up 32%

91
Q

What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne

A

Pinot Noir makes up 38%

92
Q

What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne

A

Chardonnay makes up 30%

93
Q

What are some classic flavours of champagne

A 
Toast
Baked Bread
Biscuits
Pastries
Grilled Nuts
94
Q

What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne

A
  1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process)
  2. Liqueur de tirage
  3. Liqueur d’expédition
95
Q

Vieilles Vignes

A

a French term that appears on wine labels to indicate that the wine is made from grapes grown on particularly old grapevines.

96
Q

Récoltant Manipulant

A

Term on the label that means champagnes produced by the estate that owns the vineyards where the grapes are grown

aka Growers aka Vignerons

97
Q

Who invented the Pupitre

A

Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin

Cellermaster Antoine De Müller

98
Q

Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Montagne de Reims

99
Q

Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Vallee de la Marne

100
Q

Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Cote de Blanc

101
Q

Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

The Aube

102
Q

What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne

A

North Sea and the English Channel

103
Q

What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims

A

Ardre , Velse, and Marne River

104
Q

When are grapes picked - earlier or later and why?

A

Grapes are picked earlier to preserve natural acidity.

105
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims

A

They are more rigidly structured

106
Q

Name best vintages going back 15 years

A

2005, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015

107
Q

Is the climate predictable, why or why not?

A

No protection from Atlantic influence; therefore,
unpredictable weather, rain, frost, and hail threats.

108
Q

What are the steps of making Champagne

A

Champagne Method Steps:
1. Still wine is made
2. Assemblage of cuvée
3. Bubbles are created
using liqueur de tirage
4. Sur lie aging - Autolysis
5. Riddling (rémuage) using
pupitre or gyropalette
6. Disgorging
(dégorgement)
7. Dosage added using
liqueur d’expédition

109
Q

Rank from driest to sweetest

A

Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux

110
Q

Liqueur de tirage

A

A liquid solution of yeast, wine and sugar that is added to the still base wine in order to create the secondary fermentation in bottle.

111
Q

Describe the contents of and liqueur d’expédition (dosage) and how it affects the style of the wine

A

(-) Contents = sugar syrup and wine

(-) Prior to closing the bottle with a cork, dosage (liqueur d’expedition) is inserted into each bottle

(-) Determines the final sweetness of the wine, consistency in winery style

(-) Used to balance the wine and can also provide a wine with a unique flavour

112
Q

Le Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) i

A

(-) Organisation grouping the actors of the Champagne production and trade - growers, cooperatives and merchants

(-) Under the direction of the government

(-) Charged with organizing and controlling the production, distribution, and promotion of the wines of Champagne as well as conducting research

(-) Until 1990 it set the price of grapes

(-) still intervenes to regulate the size of the harvest and to limit the production of wine in order to maintain market prices.

113
Q

Name 5 Grandes Marques

A

Ruinart
Veuve Cliquot
Taittinger
Moët & Chandon
Pommery
Billecart-Salmon
Bollinger

114
Q

Négociant Manipulant

A

French designation (NM) for a Champagne producer who buys grapes, grape must or base wine, processes it into Champagne on his own premises and markets it under his own name or trademark.

115
Q

Special Club Champagne

A

The cuvée must be produced with grapes from outstanding vintages harvested from the member’s own vineyards.

VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified (39 decks)

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