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VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified > France - Champagne > Flashcards

France - Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?

A

No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique

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2
Q

What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?

A
  1. Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)

2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation

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3
Q

What is the soil type of Champagne?

A

Chalk / Limestone

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4
Q

Where is Champagne located? (name the longitude)

A

Northeastern France - 90 miles from Paris

49th parallel

One of the most northernmost regions

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5
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend

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6
Q

What are the two main rivers of Champagne?

A

Velse River - Montage de Reims

Marne River - Valle de la Marne

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7
Q

What is the weather type of Champagne, France?

A

Cold, wet, and damp

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8
Q

What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?

A

Reims

Èpernay

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9
Q

What region is closest to the city of Reims?

A

Montage de Reims

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10
Q

What region is closest to the city of Epernay?

A

Valle de la Marne

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11
Q

If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?

A

Côte de Blancs

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12
Q

If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?

A

Montage de Reims

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13
Q

What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?

A

Cuveè - first pressing

Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne

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14
Q

What are the 5 regions of Champagne?

A

North to south

  1. Montage de Reims
  2. Valle de la Marne
  3. Côte de Blancs
  4. Côte de Sèzanne
  5. The Aube
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15
Q

What is Remuage?

A

This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle

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16
Q

When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?

A

Brut Nature

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17
Q

A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, wines are dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?

A

Brut

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18
Q

Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?

A

Extra Dry or Extra Sec

(Note that extra Brut is something else)

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19
Q

A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?

A

Doux Champagne

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20
Q

What are champage vineyards called?

A

Houses

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21
Q

What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?

A

Pinot Meinsiur

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22
Q

What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?

A

fruit character

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23
Q

What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?

A

Weight and Structure

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24
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Meunier

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25
Q

Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier

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26
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

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27
Q

Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?

A

Chardonnay

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28
Q

Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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29
Q

The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of “fining”, to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?

A

Lees

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30
Q

What is the most common champagne style?

A

Non Vintage

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31
Q

Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?

A

Disgorgement

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32
Q

What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

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33
Q

What is the most southerly region in Champagne?

A

The Aube

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34
Q

Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?

A

Mèthode Ancestrale

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35
Q

If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?

A

Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne

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36
Q

If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?

A

Chardonnay

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37
Q

The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?

A

Liqueur D’expedition also known as Dosage

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38
Q

What is another name for Dosage?

A

Liqueur D’Expedition

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39
Q

What is Liquer de Tirage?

A

Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast

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40
Q

What are the steps of Method Champenoise?

A

Harvest

Pressing Grapes

Fermentation

Assemblage - Making Still Wine

Liqueur de Tirage

Second Fermentation

Aging

Riddling

Degorgement

Liqueur D’ Expedition (Dosage)

Recorking

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41
Q

How many bottles are on a Pupitre?

A

60 bottles

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42
Q

How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?

A

504 bottles

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43
Q

What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?

A

15 months

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44
Q

What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?

A

36 months

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45
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?

A

Brut

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46
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?

A

Brut Nature / Non Dose

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47
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?

A

Extra Dry / Extra Sec

48
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?

A

Sec / Dry

49
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?

A

Demi - Sec

50
Q

What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?

A

Doux

51
Q

What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market

A

Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles

52
Q

What are some common Champagne aromas?

A

Apple

Toast

Citrus

Yeast (Bread Dough)

Hazelnuts / Walnuts

53
Q

What is special about Champagne labeling?

A

They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label

54
Q

What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

Clay

55
Q

What does blocage and deblocage mean?

A

Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages

Deblocage - the release

56
Q

Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin

A

The Vueve Cliquot

57
Q

What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot

A

The development of the pupitre

58
Q

What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908

A

The Aube

59
Q

When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne

A

1927

60
Q

When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP

A

1936

61
Q

What is the Commission de Châlons

A

Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

62
Q

Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne

A

Montage de Reims

Côte des Bars (The Aube)

63
Q

Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange

A

Côte de Sézanne

Côte des Blancs

64
Q

Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange

A

Vallée de la Marne

65
Q

What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc

A

Southeast

East

66
Q

Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne

A

Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties

67
Q

How many Grand Crus are in Champagne

A

17

68
Q

How many premier Crus are in Champagne

A

42

69
Q

What does the CIVIC regulate

A
  1. Size of harvest
  2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
  3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
70
Q

What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated

A

Échelle de Crus

71
Q

If a village achieved the maximum échelle (“scale”) of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as

A

Grand Cru

72
Q

Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as

A

Crus

73
Q

Large Champange houses such as :

Möet et Chandon

Louis Roederer

Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin

Tattinger

Pol Roger

Perrier - Jouët

Mumm

Laurent - Perrier

All fall under what type of champagne produced

A

Négociant Manipulant

74
Q

What is a MA

A

Marque d’Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

75
Q

How long does the second fermentation process last

A

Up to 8 weeks

76
Q

What is a Demi

A

A half bottle of champagne

375 ml

77
Q

What is the size of the standard champagne bottle

A

750 ml

78
Q

What is a magnum

A

2 bottles - 1.5 ml

79
Q

What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne

A

80%

80
Q

Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Louis Roederer

81
Q

Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Laurent - Perrier

82
Q

Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Perrier - Jouët

83
Q

Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Pol Roger

84
Q

Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Ruinart

85
Q

La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house

A

Vueve Clicquot

86
Q

Name 3 grower producers

A

Nowack
Tarlant
Benoît Lahaye
Agrapart & Fils
David Léclapart

87
Q

Name 3 cooperatives

A
  1. Nicolas Feuillatte
  2. Champagne Mailly / Mailly Grand Cru
  3. Champagne Collet
88
Q

How many villages make up champagne

A

330 villages

89
Q

How many premier crus are there in Champagne

A

42

90
Q

What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne

A

Meunier makes up 32%

91
Q

What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne

A

Pinot Noir makes up 38%

92
Q

What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne

A

Chardonnay makes up 30%

93
Q

What are some classic flavours of champagne

A 
Toast
Baked Bread
Biscuits
Pastries
Grilled Nuts
94
Q

What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne

A
  1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process)
  2. Liqueur de tirage
  3. Liqueur d’expédition
95
Q

Vieilles Vignes

A

a French term that appears on wine labels to indicate that the wine is made from grapes grown on particularly old grapevines.

96
Q

Récoltant Manipulant

A

Term on the label that means champagnes produced by the estate that owns the vineyards where the grapes are grown

aka Growers aka Vignerons

97
Q

Who invented the Pupitre

A

Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin

Cellermaster Antoine De Müller

98
Q

Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Montagne de Reims

99
Q

Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Vallee de la Marne

100
Q

Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

Cote de Blanc

101
Q

Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne

A

The Aube

102
Q

What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne

A

North Sea and the English Channel

103
Q

What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims

A

Ardre , Velse, and Marne River

104
Q

When are grapes picked - earlier or later and why?

A

Grapes are picked earlier to preserve natural acidity.

105
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims

A

They are more rigidly structured

106
Q

Name best vintages going back 15 years

A

2005, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015

107
Q

Is the climate predictable, why or why not?

A

No protection from Atlantic influence; therefore,
unpredictable weather, rain, frost, and hail threats.

108
Q

What are the steps of making Champagne

A

Champagne Method Steps:
1. Still wine is made
2. Assemblage of cuvée
3. Bubbles are created
using liqueur de tirage
4. Sur lie aging - Autolysis
5. Riddling (rémuage) using
pupitre or gyropalette
6. Disgorging
(dégorgement)
7. Dosage added using
liqueur d’expédition

109
Q

Rank from driest to sweetest

A

Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux

110
Q

Liqueur de tirage

A

A liquid solution of yeast, wine and sugar that is added to the still base wine in order to create the secondary fermentation in bottle.

111
Q

Describe the contents of and liqueur d’expédition (dosage) and how it affects the style of the wine

A

(-) Contents = sugar syrup and wine

(-) Prior to closing the bottle with a cork, dosage (liqueur d’expedition) is inserted into each bottle

(-) Determines the final sweetness of the wine, consistency in winery style

(-) Used to balance the wine and can also provide a wine with a unique flavour

112
Q

Le Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) i

A

(-) Organisation grouping the actors of the Champagne production and trade - growers, cooperatives and merchants

(-) Under the direction of the government

(-) Charged with organizing and controlling the production, distribution, and promotion of the wines of Champagne as well as conducting research

(-) Until 1990 it set the price of grapes and still intervenes to regulate the size of the harvest and to limit the production of wine in order to maintain market prices.

113
Q

Name 5 Grandes Marques

A

Ruinart
Veuve Cliquot
Taittinger
Moët & Chandon
Pommery
Billecart-Salmon
Bollinger

114
Q

Négociant Manipulant

A

French designation (NM) for a Champagne producer who buys grapes, grape must or base wine, processes it into Champagne on his own premises and markets it under his own name or trademark.

115
Q

Special Club Champagne

A

The cuvée must be produced with grapes from outstanding vintages harvested from the member’s own vineyards.

VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified (43 decks)

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