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VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified > France - Burgundy > Flashcards

France - Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main red grape variety of Bourgonge?

A

Pinot Noir
also Gamay in Beaujolais

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2
Q

What are the main white grape varieties of Bourgonge?

A

Chardonnay ⚪

Aligoté ⚪

Pinot Blanc ⚪

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3
Q

What is a nègociant - eleveurs?

A

A wine brokerage (Bourgogne) firm that purchases grapes and wine from small producers, blend it together, and label it under their own nègociant label

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4
Q

What percentage of wines produced in Bourgonge use a negociant firm?

A

70%

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5
Q

What is the climate type of Bourgonge?

A

Cool - Continental

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6
Q

Where is Bourgonge located?

A

East - Central France

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7
Q

What are the regions of Bourgonge?

A

Chablis

Côte d’Or

  • Côte de Nuits
  • Côte de Beaune

Côte Chalonnaise

Mâconnais

Beaujolais

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8
Q

What is the Classification hierarchy of Vineyards in Bourgonge?

A

Lowest tier to highest regarded

Regional Appellation

Village

Premier Cru

Grand Cru

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9
Q

Most of the wines made in Bourgonge fall under which Classification?

A

Regional Appellation

Note:
Inexpensive and simple wines produced

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10
Q

What is a village (Bourgonge)

A

They produce grapes grown in the vineyards surrounding one of Bourgonge’s important subregions or one of the many famous villages

Example:
Appellation Côte de Beaune Contrôlèe and Appellation Pouilly - Fuissè Contrôlèe

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11
Q

What is a Premier Cru? (Bourgonge)

A

They are reserved only for those Vineyards that have historically produced important and highly regarded wines

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12
Q

How are Premier Cru villages labeled in Bourgonge?

A

With the name of the village or commune they are grown in or around

  • the name of the premier cru Vineyard itself and the term “Premier Cru or Ler Cru”

Example
Appellation Pommard Epenots Premier Cru Contrôlèe

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13
Q

What is the highest designation a vineyard in Bourgonge can have?

A

Grand Cru

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14
Q

What does Grand Cru mean?

A

Great Growth

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15
Q

How does a wine become labeled grand Cru?

A

Must be entirely from grapes grown in one of the famous vineyards

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16
Q

How many Grand Cru villages are their in Bourgonge?

A

34

  • One in Chablis
  • 33 in Côte d’Or
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17
Q

How are Grand Cru villages labeled on a bottle?

A

It would just have the vineyards name and the term Grand Cru

Example
Appellation Le Montrachet Grand Cru Contrôlèe

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18
Q

What are the main two minor grapes in Bourgonge?

A

Aligotè - White

Gamay - Red

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19
Q

True or False

Chardonnay native home is Bourgogne?

A

True

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20
Q

What are Characteristics of Chardonnay?

A
  • Ripen to high sugar and high extract levels
  • Primary fruit typically consist of apple and citrus with secondary and tertiary aromas of butter, nuts, ginger, vanilla and nutmeg
  • pale white to yellow gold in color depending on age and specific terroir
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21
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinot Noir?

A
  • Good Acidity
  • low to moderate tannins, rather light red in color
  • Primary fruit typically consists of cherry and strawberry with secondary and tertiary aromas of earth, leather, Violets, Clove, Cinnamon, sandalwood, smoke and truffle
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22
Q

True or False

Bourgonge is the birthplace of Pinot Noir?

A

True

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23
Q

Do grapes traditionally fully ripen in Bourgonge?

A

No they don’t due to the cool continental climate.

That is why their wines are higher in acid and low in alcohol

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24
Q

What is the main soil type of Bourgonge?

A

Limestone

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25
Q

What is the northern most region of Bourgonge?

A

Chablis

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26
Q

What is the climate of Chablis

A

Cool - Continential

  • traditionally cooler than the rest of Bourgonge
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27
Q

What is the soil type of Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian Limestone

  • millions of tiny, prehistoric oyster shells

Portlandian Clay

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28
Q

What is the main grape of Chablis?

A

Chardonnay

-Only grape allowed by law to be grown in this region l

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29
Q

What do they age Chablis wines in?

A

General Quality Wines - Neutral Oak aging Regime

Higher Quality Wines - pick up significant oak during the aging process

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30
Q

How many Premier Cru Vineyards are in Chablis?

A

40

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31
Q

How many grand cru’s are in Chablis and what are they?

A

One - but there are 7 Climats of Chablis

  • Bougros
  • Les Preuses
  • Vaudèsir
  • Grenouilles
  • Valmur
  • Les Clos
  • Branchot
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32
Q

What does Côte d’Or mean?

A

Golden Slope

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33
Q

What is the soil type of Côte d’Or

A

Limestone

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34
Q

What are the two major areas of Côte d’Or?

A

Côte Nuits

Côte Beaune

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35
Q

How many grand Cru villages are in Côte d’Or?

A

33

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36
Q

What are the villages of Côte de Nuit? (9)

A

Nuits - Saint - Georges - 🔴

Marsannay - 🔴

Fixin - 🔴

Gevrey - Chambertin - 🔴

Morey - Saint Denis - 🔴

Chambolle - Musigny - 🔴⚪️

Vougeot - 🔴

Vosne - Romaneè - 🔴

Flagey Echezeaux- 🔴

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37
Q

What is the only major village in Côte d Nuits that makes both red and white wine? (Exclude Marsannay and Fixin)

A

Chambolle - Musigny

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38
Q

What is the main grape of Côte d’ Or?

A

Pinot Noir

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39
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Gevrey - Chambertin? (9)

A

Chambertin

Chambertin - Clos de Bèze

Chapelle - Chambertin

Charmes - Chambertin

Griotte - Chambertin

Latricierès - Chambertin

Mazis - Chambertin

Mazoyères - Chambertin

Rouchottes - Chambertin

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40
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Morey - Saint Denis? (5)

A

Clos Saint - Denis

Clos de la Roche

Clos des Lambrays

Clos de Tart

Bonnes Mares

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41
Q

What is the Grand Cru vineyards of Chambolle - Musigny? (2)

A

Bonnes Mares

Musigny

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42
Q

What is the Grand Cru vineyards in Flagey Echezeaux (2)

A

Èchezeaux

Grands - Èchezeaux

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43
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Vosne - Romanèe? (6)

A

La Grand Rue

Richebourg

La Romanèe

Romanèe - Conti

Romanèe - Saint Vivant

La Tâche

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44
Q

What Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits is in two villages?

A

Bonnes Mares

  • Morey - Saint Denis
  • Chambolle - Musigny
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45
Q

How many Premier cru’s Vineyards are in the Côte de Nuits?

A

140

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46
Q

What region has the most grand crus in Bourgonge and how many?

A

Côte de Nuits and its 24 grand Cru villages

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47
Q

What are the main grape varietals of the Côte de Beaune?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

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48
Q

What is the main wine made in Côte de Beaune ?

A

Chardonnay

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49
Q

What are the villages of Côte de Beaune? (18)

A

Beaune - ⚪️🔴
Chorey - lès - Beaune - ⚪️🔴
Savigny - lès - Beaune - ⚪️🔴

Puligny - Montrachet - ⚪️🔴
Chassagne - Montrachet - ⚪️🔴

Pommard - ⚪️🔴
Volnay - ⚪️🔴

Monthèlie - ⚪️🔴
Meursault - ⚪️🔴
Maranges - ⚪️🔴

Saint - Romain - ⚪️🔴
Saint - Aubin - ⚪️🔴
Santenay - ⚪️🔴

Auxey - Duresses - ⚪️🔴
Lanoux - Serrigny - ⚪️🔴
Aloxe - Corton - ⚪️🔴
Pernand - Vergelesses - ⚪️🔴

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50
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Ladoix - Serrigny? (2)

A

Corton

Corton - Charlemagne

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51
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards of Aloxe - Corton? (3)

A

Charlemagne

Corton

Corton - Charlemagne

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52
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards for Pernand - Vergelesses? (3)

A

Charlemagne

Corton

Corton - Charlemagne

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53
Q

What are the Grand Cru vineyards for Puilgny - Montrachet? (3)

A

Montrachet

Bâtard - Montrachet

Criots - Bâtard - Montrachet

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54
Q

What grand Cru in the Côte de Beaune is located in 3 different villages?

A

Corton and Corton - Charlemagne

  • Ladoix - Serrigny
  • Aloxe - Corton
  • Pernand - Vergelesses
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55
Q

What Grand Crus in the Côte de Beaune are located in 2 different villages?

A

Charlemagne

  • Aloxe - Corton
  • Pernand - Vergelesses

Montrachet

  • Puligny - Montrachet
  • Chassagne - Montrachet

Bâtard - Montrachet

  • Puligny - Montrachet
  • Chassagne - Montrachet
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56
Q

What region has the most Premier Cru Vineyards?

A

Côte de Beaune @ 313 vineyards

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57
Q

What is the main grape grown in the Grand Cru vineyard’s of Côte de Beaune?

A

Chardonnay

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58
Q

Out of the 8 Grand Cru in the Côte d’Or vineyards how many are strictly for Chardonnay?

A

7

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59
Q

What river flows through Chablis?

A

The Serein

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60
Q

What city, capital of Côte d’Or dèpartement, marks the northern end of the Côte de Nuits?

A

Dijon

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61
Q

Name all the Grand Crus in Cote de Beaune

A

Côte de Beaune:
1.Corton (Aloxe-Corton, Ladoix-Serrigny, Pernand-Vergelesses)

  1. Corton-Charlemagne (Aloxe-Corton, Ladoix-Serrigny, Pernand-Vergelesses)
  2. Charlemagne (Aloxe-Corton, Ladoix-Serrigny)
  3. Montrachet (Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet)
  4. Bâtard-Montrachet (Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet)
  5. Chevalier-Montrachet (Puligny-Montrachet)
  6. Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet (Puligny-Montrachet)
  7. Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet (Chassagne-Montrachet)
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62
Q

What is the largest grand Cru in Bourgonge?

A

Corton (over 160 hectares)

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63
Q

What is the unofficial 8th grand cru of Chablis, comprised of parcels of both Les Preuses and Vaudèsir?

A

La Moutonne

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64
Q

What is the standard barrel of Burgundy?

A

228 liter pièce - Burgundy

132 liter feuillette - Chablis

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65
Q

What are the Communes of Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Bouzeron - ⚪️

Rully - 🔴⚪️

Mercurey - 🔴⚪️

Givry - 🔴⚪️

Montagny - ⚪️

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66
Q

What wine is Bouzeron known for?

A

Aligote

Note:
Only village Appellation in Bourgonge that produces wines from the Aligotè grape

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67
Q

What is the soil type of Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Limestone and clay

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68
Q

What is the main grape of Rully and what type wines do they make?

A

Chardonnay

Sparkling Wine - Crèmant de Bourgonge

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69
Q

What is the main grape of Givry?

A

Pinot Noir

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70
Q

What is the main grape of Mercurey?

A

Pinot Noir

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71
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Zero

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72
Q

What river runs through the Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Saône River

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73
Q

Mâconnais is named after what?

A

The city of Mâcon, the largest village in the region of Mâconnais

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74
Q

What are the 5 villages of Mâconnais?

A

Pouilly - Fuissè - ⚪️

Pouilly - Lochè - ⚪️

Pouilly - Vinzelles - ⚪️

Saint - Vèran - ⚪️

Virè - Clessè - ⚪️

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75
Q

What type of wine is produced in Mâconnais?

A

100% Chardonnay

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76
Q

What is the most famous region of Mâconnais?

A

Pouilly - Fuissè

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77
Q

Are there any Premier Cru Vineyards in Mâconnais?

A

No

78
Q

Are their any Grand Cruc Vineyards in Mâconnais?

A

No

79
Q

What is the main soil of Mâconnais?

A

Limestone

80
Q

What is the name of the Southern most region in Bourgonge?

A

Beaujolais

81
Q

What is the largest region in Bourgonge?

A

Beaujolais

82
Q

What is the climate of Beaujolais?

A

Warm - Continental

83
Q

What dèpartement (state) does Beaujolais lay in?

A

Rhone Valley

84
Q

Why isn’t Pinot Noir not the grape of Beaujolais?

A

Climate and Soil type

85
Q

What is the main grape of Beaujolais?

A

Gamay - 🔴

  • made for early consumption
  • more fruity and simple
86
Q

What are the 3 basic classes of Beaujolais?

A

AOC Beaujolais

AOC Beaujolais - Villages

Cru Beaujolais - commune specific and are considered the best in the region

87
Q

Where are most of the vineyards in Beaujolais located?

A

Southern part of Beaujolais

88
Q

How are Cru Beaujolais labeled on the Bottle?

A

With only the commune or village name

89
Q

What are the 10 communes of Beaujolais?

A

Brouilly

Chènas

Chiroubles

Côte de Brouilly

Fleurie

Julienas

Morgon

Moulin - à - Vent

Règniè

Saint - Amour

90
Q

What is Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

A wine that released yearly on the 3rd Thursday of November

Wine is made of grapes that were picked 7 to 9 weeks before release

Wine is made to celebrate the French wine harvest season

91
Q

What is carbonic maceration?

A
  • when a whole bunch of uncrushed grapes are placed into cats filled with carbon dioxide,
  • Fermentation ensues when the grapes are at the bottom of the vats are crushed by the weight of the grapes above them
  • As more carbon dioxide is produced by this fermentation, it envelops all of the grapes in the vat and the fermentation continues inside the whole grapes at the top of the vat
  • Eventually the grapes burst, releasing more juice, until the fermentation of all grape sugars is complete and the wine is pressed
92
Q

What latitude degrees does Bourgonge set between

A

46-48th degree latitude

93
Q

When does vèrasion take place in Bourgonge

A

Early August

94
Q

Chardonnay is known as what in Beaune

A

Beaunois

95
Q

Where does the name Chardonnay come from

A

The Commune of Chardonnay in Mâconnais

96
Q

What are the parents of Chardonnay

A

Pinot x Gouais Blanc

97
Q

What grape is Gamay a sibling of

A

Chardonnay, they have the same parents in Pinot x Gouais Blanc

98
Q

What are the parents of Aligotè

A

Pinot x Gouais Blanc

Same parents from Chardonnay and Gamay

99
Q

Where are all the Grand crus in Burgundy located and how much percentage of production do they make up

A

Côte d’Or and Chablis

  • 2%
100
Q

Where are the vineyards of the Hautes Côte de Nuits and Hautes Côte de Beaune located

A

They are scattered in the low mountains just west of the more prestigious Côte d’Or village appellations

101
Q

Côte de Beaune Villages produces what kind of wine and from what communes

A

🔴 wine

Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton , and Beaune

102
Q

Côte de Nuits Villages produces what kind of wine

A

🔴 and rarely ⚪ wines

103
Q

What are the two AOP’s in Bourgonge that produce sparkling wines?

A

Crèmont de Bourgonge

Bourgonge Mousseux

104
Q

What is the name of the oldest sparkling wine AOP in Bourgonge

A

Bourgogne Mousseux

105
Q

What method does Bourgogne Mousseux use to make sparkling wine

A

Traditional Method

106
Q

When did Crèmant de Bourgogne become a AOP

A

1975

107
Q

How many hectares are dedicated to sparkling wine in Bourgogne

A

2,000 ha

Approximately 1/14 of the entire acreage of Burgundy

108
Q

What is the law in regards to harvesting Grand Crus in Bourgogne

A

Hand Harvest only

109
Q

What is a climat

A

A single vineyard in Bourgonge. It draws from the notion of terroir, and become tracts of land whose wines are not shaped by location, but by other environmental and manmade conditions particular to the vineyard

110
Q

What is the difference between a lieu-dit and a climat

A

Lieu dit is a term used by geographers

Climat is a term used by vignerons

111
Q

What does Cru mean

A

Derives from the word Croître which means to grow

In Burgundy Cru mean high quality

112
Q

What is a parcel

A

A single contiguous holding within a vineyard, owned entirely by one grower

113
Q

What is a Clos

A

A vineyard enclosed within a stone wall

114
Q

What is a village

A

Indicts a small town or wines produced in village appellations

115
Q

What is a commune

A

Is an administrative unit of local government encapsulating a town and its immediate surroundings

116
Q

What is the vine orientation in Côte d’ Or

A

The rows in the vineyard have a east - west orientation, trailing up the slope rather than parallel to it

117
Q

What are vineyards do not follow the east - west orientation of the Vines in Côte d’Or

A

Clos de Tart

Clos des Lambrays

La Romanée

118
Q

What is the vine distance of Côte d’Or

A

1 x 1 meter spacing

119
Q

In Côte d’Or are the fruit canes or cordons trained close or high up to the ground and why?

A

Close to the ground, no higher than 1.5 meters

Why?

  1. Shade
  2. Easier for tractors to move through the rows
  3. Low trained Vines can take advantage of heat releases from the soils at night
120
Q

By law what is the max amount of plants per hectare you can have in Côte d’Or

A

9,000 plants per hectare

121
Q

What is the minimum amount of Vines per hectare you can have in Chablis

A

5,500 plants per hectare

122
Q

What is the row spacing requirement of Chablis

A

1.5 or 1.65 meters

123
Q

What is the lowest amount of Vines per hectare in Beaujolais

A

6,000 Vines per hectare

124
Q

Major domains for Chablis

A

Dauvissat
Raveneau

125
Q

What are the 3 appellations of Chablis

A

Petit Chablis AOP

Chablis AOP

Chablis Grand Cru AOP

126
Q

Berdiot

Côte de Caubarousse

Fourchaume

Les Fourneaux

Mont de Milieu

Montée de Tonnerre

Vaucoupin

These are Premier Cru for what region

A

Right Bank Chablis

127
Q

Beauroy

Chaume de Talvat

Côte de Léchet

Côte de Jouan

Les Beauregards

Montmains

Vau de Vey

Vaillons

Vosgros

Vau Ligneau

These are the premier Crus for what region

A

Left bank Chablis

128
Q

What is the river in Chablis that separates the premier Crus of Chablis

A

Serein River

129
Q

What Premier Cru has been widely considered the top In Chablis

A

Montée de Tonnerre

130
Q

What direction are the premier Crus Vineyards of Chablis facing on the right bank

A

Southwest - facing the Serein River

131
Q

What direction are the vineyards facing on the left back

A

Southeast - facing away from the Serein River

132
Q

What is the difference between left and right bank Chablis

A

Left Bank Chablis wines appear more restrained whereas the right bank show more opulent and exotic ripe fruit notes

133
Q

Where do most of the Grand Crus of Côte d’Or lie and how does it effect it

A

On a slight 10% grade slope

  • soils are slightly deeper and more nutrient rich than those found in higher slopes
  • slight slopes are very well drained
134
Q

What direction do the vineyards face in Côte de Nuits

A

East

135
Q

Côte de Beaune Vineyards face what direction

A

Southeast

136
Q

What is the northern most Appellation of Côte de Nuits

A

Marsannay

137
Q

What type of wines can be made in Marsannay

A

Red 🔴

White ⚪

Rosé 🔴⚪

  • the only village Appellation in all of Bourgonge in which producers may choose to produce all three color wines
138
Q

Are there any premier Crus in Marsannay

A

No

139
Q

In the tier system of Bourgogne what tier wines does Fixin make

A

Village

Premier Cru

140
Q

What is the largest appellation in Côte d’Or

A

Gevrey - Chambertin

141
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in Gevrey Chambertin

A

9

Chambertin

Chambertin Clos de Bèze

Chapelle - Chambertin

Charmes Chambertin

Griotte Chambertin

Latricierès - Chambertin

Mazis - Chambertin

Mazoyères - Chambertin

Ruchottes - Chambertin

142
Q

Chambertin

Chambertin Clos de Bèze

Chapelle - Chambertin

Charmes Chambertin

Griotte Chambertin

Latricierès - Chambertin

Mazis - Chambertin

Mazoyères - Chambertin

Ruchottes - Chambertin

There are the 9 Grand Cru locations for what Appellation in Bourgonge

A

Gevrey - Chambertin

143
Q

What type of wines can carry the Gevrey Chambertin or title Grand Cru

A

Red wines 🔴

144
Q

Top Domaines in Cote d’or

A

DRC
Leroy
Coche-Dury
Domaine Leflaive,
Roulot

145
Q

What type of wines can be made in Morey Saint Denis

A

Red wine 🔴

White wine ⚪ (accounts for less than 10% of production)

146
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Chambolle Musigny

A

2

Musigny

Bonne Marre (shares with Morey Saint Denis, 90% of climat is in Chambolle Musigny)

147
Q

What is the only Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits in which white wine production is permitted

A

Musigny

Climat : Les Petit Musigny

  • .57 hectares of Chardonnay
  • owned solely by Domaine Comte George de Vogüe
  • white wines are labeled Bourgonge Blanc
148
Q

What type of wines are produced in Vougeot

A

Red wine 🔴

White wine ⚪

149
Q

Vougeot Grand Cru produces what type of wine only

A

Red wine 🔴

150
Q

Domaine de la Romanée - Conti

Domaine Leroy

Comte Liger Belair

Sylvain Cathiard

Méo - Camuzet

These are all top Domaines for what AOP in Bourgonge

A

Vosne - Romanée AOP

151
Q

How many grand Crus are in Flagey - Echézeaux

A

2

Echézeaux

Grands - Echézeaux

152
Q

Who is the largest land owner in Echézeaux

A

Domaine Romanée Conti

153
Q

What is the only red wine producing Grand Cru in Côte de Beaune

A

Corton

154
Q

What is the largest Grand Cru Appellation in Bourgonge

A

Corton

155
Q

What 3 communes surround the hill of Corton

A

Ladoix Serrigny

Aloxe - Corton (the largest of the three)

Pernand - Vergelesses

156
Q

Corton - Charlemagne

Charlemagne

These AOPs only can make what type of wine from what grape

A

White wine ⚪

Chardonnay

157
Q

What type of wines are made in Ladoix AOP

A

Red wines 🔴

White wines ⚪

158
Q

What type of wines do they make in Pessard Vergelesses

A

Red wine 🔴 - accounts for 60% of production

White wine ⚪

159
Q

Rollin

Dubreuil - Fontaine

Pierre Marey

Rapet

Bonneau du Martray

These are the top Domaines for what Appellation in Bourgonge

A

Pernard - Vergelesses

160
Q

What domaine is the only domaine in Cote de Beaune that produces exclusively Grand Cru wines

A

Bonneau du Martray - Morey St Denis

161
Q

Chandon de Briailles

Simon Bize

These are the top Domaines for what Appellation in Bourgogne

A

Savigny - Lès Beaune

162
Q

Savigny Les Beaune makes what type of wines

A

Red wines 🔴

White wines ⚪

163
Q

What body of water plays a key role in the success of the vineyards in Pommard AOP

A

Dheune Stream ( l’Avant Dheune)

164
Q

Les Champ Fuillots

Sur la Velle

These are the top Premier Crus for what Appellation

A

Mothélie

165
Q

What type of wines are made in Monthélie

A

Red wine 🔴

White wines ⚪

166
Q

Moulin aux Moines

Prunier - Damy

Maison Leroy

These are the top Domaines from what Appellation

A

Auxey - Duresses

167
Q

What type of wine is made in Auxey Duresses

A

Red wine 🔴

White wine ⚪

168
Q

What type of wines do they make in Saint Romain AOP

A

Red wine 🔴

White wines ⚪

169
Q

What are some of the flavor characteristics of Meursault

A

Rich

Fat on the palate

Nutty

Buttery

Honeyed Spectrum of flavors

Soft acidity

170
Q

Are their any grand Crus in Meursault

A

No only Premier Crus

171
Q

Domaine Leflaive

Jacques Carillon

Etienne Sauzet

Paul Pernot

These are the best Domaines in what Appellation

A

Puligny - Montrachet

172
Q

Domaine A & P Villaine is the most famous estate for what AOP

A

Bouzeron AOP

173
Q

Pouilly - Fuissé

Loché

Pouilly Vinzelles

Saint Véron

Viré - Clessé

These are the 5 villages for what AOP

A

Mâconnais AOP

174
Q

Fuissé

Solturé - Pouilly

Vergisson

Chaintré

These are the 4 communes of what area in Mâconnais

A

Pouilly Fuissé

175
Q

How is Marc de Bourgogne made

A

(-) Result of distilling the residue (skins, pips and stalks) – known as marc – of pressed red grapes. This residue is usually distilled by the local still-man.

(-) Matured for at least 15 years before being bottled.

(-) can use red and white grapes

176
Q

Pair White Burgundy

A

Chablis - high acidity, no oak - fish, oysters, sushi, chicken

Cote de Beaune - Richer fish dishes, anything with a cream sauce, Délice de Bourgogne (cheese), Escargots

Maconnais - cured pork, creamy cheese, veal

177
Q

Pair Red Burgundy

A

Gamay - Turkey, Plums, Burger (high acidity, low tannin)
Pinot Noir - duck, charcuterie, simply cooked rare meat, Coq a vin, beef bourguignon

178
Q

The Monastic and Napoleonic Code of Inheritance influences on classification, fragmentation of vineyards, and vineyard ownership in burgundy

A

(-) During the Middle Ages, Burgundy’s vineyards were largely established and managed by monasteries, notably the Cistercians and Benedictines. They were meticulous in identifying and cultivating specific plots of land, recognizing differences in terroir and grape quality

(-) The French Revolution and subsequent Napoleonic Code revolutionized property laws, dismantling feudal and monastic holdings and redistributing land to private owners. People had to distribute items equally among male heirs

(-) Over generations, vineyards were repeatedly subdivided among heirs, leading to extreme fragmentation. Single vineyards could end up with multiple owners, each holding tiny plots. This division led to the intricate mosaic of small vineyard parcels seen today This fragmentation resulted in complex ownership structures, where one climat might have several owners, each with a fractional share, complicating vineyard management and production consistency

(-) The meticulous categorization initiated by the monks evolved into the modern Burgundy classification system, which includes Premier Cru and Grand Cru designations. These classifications reflect historical recognition of superior terroirs, often originating from monastic evaluations.

179
Q

Large negociants

A

Louis Jadot
Louis Latour
Albert
Bichot
Bouchard Père et Fils/William Fèvre
Drouhin,
Faiveley

180
Q

Bâttonage

A

Bâtonnage is the French term for stirring settled lees back into wine

To remind you, “lees” are the sediment of winemaking, usually made up of dead yeast and bits of grape seeds and solids. Winemakers sometimes like to keep some of these solids in contact with the wine as a way to extract flavor, aroma and texture. The solids can then be filtered or fined out before bottling, or the wine can be racked, leaving the solids behind.

181
Q

What’s the biggest hazard in Chablis

A

Frost

182
Q

General effects of limestone soils on vine vigor

A

(-) Limestone soils typically moderate vine vigor due to their low organic content and high mineral composition. This moderation leads to balanced vine growth, with neither excessive vegetative growth nor stunted development.

(-) Balanced vine vigor is crucial for the production of high-quality grapes, as it allows for optimal sunlight exposure and air circulation around the fruit.

183
Q

Benefits/consequences of planting density

A

(-) Short vineyards - picking in all the great vineyards done by hand or horse

(-) In the cool climate vineyards of Burgundy close planting and vine age are intrinsically linked to quality.

184
Q

What are two risks of grape growing in Burgundy

A

Oidium (white, powdery spots on leaves, shoots, and grape clusters) and Mildew

185
Q

General effects of limestone soils on growth / flavor profile

A

(-) Drainage: Limestone soils are well-draining, preventing waterlogging around the vine roots.

(-) Drainage helps avoid excess moisture, which can lead to diseases and root rot

(-) Limestone is rich in calcium carbonate, which enhances soil structure and pH balance. Contributes to the distinct minerality often found in Burgundy wines.

(-) Fracturing of limestone bedrock allows vine roots to penetrate deeply, accessing nutrients and water stored in deeper soil layers. Promotes resilience and access to consistent moisture, especially during dry periods

186
Q

Cold soak, also known as pre-fermentative maceration (CPM)

A

Involves keeping crushed red grapes at a low temperature before fermentation begins

Goal is to enhance the extraction of flavor compounds, aroma, and pigments from the grape skins into the wine

Cold soaking temperatures are usually between 5–10°C (48–60°F) and the process can take anywhere from a few hours to 10 days, but typically lasts around 3 days

187
Q

Semi-carbonic maceration

A

Winemaking technique that combines carbonic maceration with traditional alcoholic fermentation.

Involves a short period of carbonic maceration followed by conventional yeast fermentation. The process can produce fresh, vibrant wines with a fruity or musk-like aroma

188
Q

Variations in oak usage between Grand
Cru/Premier/Village in Chablis

A

Grand Cru: Significant oak usage for complexity and aging
Premier Cru: Moderate oak for balance
Village: Minimal to no oak to emphasize purity and minerality

189
Q

Variations in oak usage in Mâconnais (Mâcon-Villages
vs. Pouilly-Fuissé)

A

Mâcon-Villages: Minimal oak, emphasizing fruitiness.
Pouilly-Fuissé: Greater oak influence for richness and complexity

190
Q

Variations in oak usage between Beaujolais
Nouveau/Villages/Cru

A

Cru Beaugolais may see some new oak

Villages may see a little oak

Nouveau sees no oak

VB - Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified (39 decks)

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