FORMS OF MATTER CHEM TEST Flashcards
Matter
-Anything that has the same mass and volume
Homogenous
-All the same
-Pure and uniform
Heterogenous
-Not pure and uniform
-Different
Substances
-Any matter that is pure and uniform (homogenous)
-Two types can be elements and compounds
Elements
-The most basic form of matter that keeps its properties
-Homogenous
-All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number
-Symbol can either be a lone capital letter of one capital and one lowercase
Compounds
-A chemical combination with changed properties
-All samples of the same compound are homogenous and have a definite composition
Binary compound
-A compound consisting of 2 different elements
Monatomic element
-One type of circle
Diatomic Element
-2 of the same type of circle
Compound in a diagram
2 or more different circles combined
7 DIATOMIC ELEMENTS
-Hydrogen
-Nitrogen
-Fluorine
-Oxygen
-Iodine
-Chlorine
-Bromine
Mixtures
-Composed of two or more different substances that can be physically separated
-The proportions of components can be varied
-Each component in a mixture retains its original properties
Homogenous mixtures
-Matter that is pure and uniform
-Particles are evenly mixed and distributed
Ex. Salt water, chocolate milk
Heterogenous mixtures
-Particles are not evenly mixed or distributed (layered)
Ex. Oil and water
Filtration
-Seperate based on particle size
-The filter traps large particles while allowing smaller ones to pass through
-heterogenous only
Ex. Coffee filter
Aqueous Solution
-A solution in which something is dissolved in water
Distillation
-Separated based on polarity (boiling point)
-Substances that boil first are collected in a separated container with the substances with higher boiling points left behind
-Homogenous liquid mixtures
-Distillation of crude oil, making of alcohol
Chromatography
-Particles are separated based on the attraction between particles
-Substances are more attracted to water will move up farther
-Pigments in ink
Magnetism
-Using a magnet to separate substances
Crystallization
-Cooling
Solid
-Regular geometric pattern in the arrangement of the molecules (crystal lattice)
-Arranged in a tight and compact pattern
-Vibrate in place
-Definite shape and definite volume
-Strong attraction
Liquids
-Particles can move around
-Particles are farther apart than in a solid
-Liquids take the shape of their container
-Not compressible
-Definite volume
-The forces of attraction between the molecules are weaker in a liquid than a solid
Gases
-Particles fill their container
-Particles are very far apart
-Particles move in straight lines until they hit something
-Indefinite shape and volume
-The forces of attraction between the particles is very weak
Intermolecular force (IMF)
-Attraction for yourself- how well you hold yourself together
Mixtures can be separated ___________ into substances
physically
Elements can be combined _________ to produce compounds / vice versa
chemically
Chemical change
-Atoms are rearranged into new combinations
-Changes are not reversible without another reaction
Evidence of a chemical change
-Energy produced
-Gas given off
-Color change
-Burning
-Decomposition
-Oxidation (rust)
-Combustion
Physical change
-The rearrangement of existing particles
-Malleable (bendable)
-Ductile (turned into wire)
-Solubility
-Conductivity
-Luster
-Density
Sublimation
-When a solid turns directly into a gas and skips over liquid phase
Deposition
-When a gas becomes a solid and skips over the liquid phase
