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The Best Review On The Planet > Bio Unit 3 > Flashcards

Bio Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Probionts

A

-amino acids and organic compounds could combine into abiotic structures
-Could maintain internal chemical environments and metabolism

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2
Q

What happened 3.8 mya on earth?

A

-Organic compounds are formed
-BASIS OF ALL LIFE!!!!!!

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3
Q

When did life on earth originate?

A

-Between 3.5 and 4 billion years ago

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4
Q

What is the theory that life comes from life?

A

Biogenesis

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5
Q

Biogenesis: Redi experiments

A
  • italian physician Franisco Redi experimented with flies
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6
Q

Biogenesis: Spallanzani Experiment

A
  • 1770 italian priest and biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani experimented with boiled broth
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7
Q

Biogenesis: Pasteurs experiment

A
  • 1862 french chemist louis pasteur experiment with the curved flask
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8
Q

First cells were called…

A

Prokaryotes

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9
Q

Characteristics of a prokaryote

A

-Small and simple
-Unicellular
-No structures to contain DNA
-No nucleus
-No membrane bound structures
-Common shapes (spheres, rods, spirals, etc.

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10
Q

Prokaryotes represent 2/3 domains of life, What are they?

A

-Bacteria
-Archaea

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11
Q

Difference between Bacteria and archaea

A

BACTERIA: peptidoglycan in cell walls
ARCHAEA: NO peptidoglycan and can live in extreme environments like heat, salt, etc.

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12
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: Cell wall

A

Protects the cell and maintains shape

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13
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: Cell membrane

A

Regulates what goes in and out

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14
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: cytoplasm

A

Fluid for chemical reactions to occur

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15
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: genetic material

A

-Usually a circle of DNA

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16
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: locomotive structure

A

-movement

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17
Q

Structure of a prokaryote: ribosome

A

-makes proteins

18
Q

Glycolysis

A

-Converting food into energy

19
Q

Converting food into energy without oxygen is called…

A

Anaerobic respiration

20
Q

Prokaryotes started as Heterotrophs which means…

A

-they could not make their own food
-They ate chemoheterotrophs (inorganic compounds like sulfur)
-They used glycolysis (converting food into energy)

21
Q

What happens during cellular respiration

A
  1. Glucose + Water = ATP (glycolysis in cytoplasm)
    + wastes like water and carbon dioxide
22
Q

What is the energy created by anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration?

A

-ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)
-Cellular energy
-Major energy-storing molecule of the cell

23
Q

Anaerobic respiration wastes

A

-Lactic acid: muscle fatigue and pain
-Fermentation: alcohol formation or CO2

24
Q

Prokaryotic reproduction

A

-BINARY FISSION

-asexual reproduction
-Replication of free floating DNA
-forms 2 identical cells
-VERY FAST!!!!!!! can double every 20 min

25
Q

Are all bacteria and prokaryotes bad?

A

NO
-more are beneficial than harmful
-Prokaryotes are essential for the well being of organisms

26
Q

How can bacteria be harmful?

A

-Overpopulate water systems reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water
-Spoil food by releasing enzymes in the food causing it to rot
-Cause human diseases like tuberculosis. tetanus, pneumonia and strep

27
Q

How do humans use prokaryotes

A

-Need bacteria to make vinegar, yogurt, cheese, pickles, etc
-Use bacteria to recompose sewage
-Break down petroleum compounds on beaches after oil spills
-Scientists use them in biotech

28
Q

What did cyanobacteria evolve into 2.7 billion years ago?

A

-Autotrophic bacteria

29
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

-Organisms that make their own food

30
Q

The process in which organisms make their own food

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-converting sunlight energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen + water

31
Q

6CO₂ + 12H₂O > C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6O₂

A

Photosynthesis equation

32
Q

What is needed for Photosynthesis Reaction to occur?

A

-Sunlight
-Enzymes
-Photosynthetic pigments

33
Q

Structure for aerobic respiration

A

MITOCHONDRIA
-powerhouse of the cell

34
Q

2.7 billion years ago, Iron is saturated with oxygen so…

A

Oxygen accumulates
-organisms that use oxygen can evolve

35
Q

Using OXYGEN to gain energy

A

AEROBIC RESPIRATION
-allows for tons of ATP to be made

36
Q

How do we know that oxygen was accumulating but it was all taken up by rocks?

A

Iron Rust Layer

37
Q

What are cyanobacteria?

A

Plantlike prokaryotes that produce their own food and release oxygen as a by product

38
Q

Phycobilins

A
  • pigment inside the cytoplasm that absorbs light energy
39
Q

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

A

-Consumes oxygen while making carbon dioxide gas and gaining more energy

40
Q

What are the descendants of aerobic bacteria?

A

MITOCHONDRIA
-over time prokaryotes developed one

41
Q

Does anaerobic or aerobic make more ATP?

A

anaerobic- 2 ATP
aerobic- 32 ATP

42
Q

Who does photosynthesis?

A

CYANOBACTERIA

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