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The Best Review On The Planet > BIO UNIT 6 > Flashcards

BIO UNIT 6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 major functions of the Male reproductive system

A
  1. Production of sperm
  2. Deposit of sperm inside the female reproductive tract
  3. Produce male sex hormones (testosterone)
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2
Q

Process by which organisms maintain internal stability

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

How does homeostasis occur?

A

By constantly monitoring and responding to change in otherwise unstable environments

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4
Q

Where does the production of sperm take place

A

In the testes (held in a sac called the scrotum)

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5
Q

Why does the scrotum keep the testes cool?

A

Lower temperatures are needed for sperm production

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6
Q

How does the body make sperm?

A

Body cell -> Sex cell -> Sperm

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7
Q

Epididymis

A

Stores sperm

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8
Q

What are the 2 things the body can do with a sperm?

A
  1. Sperm is released from epididymis through ejaculation
  2. Sperm breaks down and is absorbed back into the body
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9
Q

Ejaculation

A

Sperm is transported from epididymis through the Vas Deferens to the urethra

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10
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that transfers sperm and urine out of the body through the penis

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11
Q

Penis

A

Structure designed for internal fertilization

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12
Q

Fluids are added to the urethra along with sperm. Which glands produce these fluids?

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Seminal Vesicles
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13
Q

Mixture of sperm and fluid

A

Semen

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14
Q

1st function of the female reproductive system

A

Produce an egg

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15
Q

4 Functions of the female reproductive system

A
  1. Produce eggs and release them on a 28 day cycle
  2. Provide site for fertilization
  3. Provide structure for embryonic development
  4. Provide female sex hormones
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16
Q

Two female sex hormones

A

-Estrogen
-Progesterone

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17
Q

Where are eggs made?

A

-The ovaries

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18
Q

What are the structures that ovaries use to produce eggs in?

A

-Follicles

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19
Q

When in a woman’s life does the releasing of eggs take place?

A

-Puberty
-Ends at menopause

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20
Q

How are eggs released?

A

-OVULATION!!!
-The release of a mature egg from the follicle

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21
Q

When does ovulation take place?

A

-On day 14 of the menstrual cycle because of increased estrogen

22
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

-Ruptured follicle
Produces progesterone

23
Q

After ovulation

A

-Eggs enter oviducts
-Fertilization occurs in oviducts

24
Q

If egg is not fertilized, it is released from the body in a process called…

A

Menstruation

25
Q

Menstruation

A

The release of the uterine lining and unfertilized egg

26
Q

After fertilization (or with none) the egg then enters the…

A

Uterus

27
Q

Uterus

A

A thick walled structure that provides an environment for the developing embryo

28
Q

What builds up the wall of the uterus?

A

PROGESTERONE
-Builds it up to prepare to accept the egg

29
Q

Cervix

A

-Separates the vagina from the Uterus

30
Q

Sexual Intercourse

A

-Female reproductive tract is designed to accept the males penis

31
Q

Vagina

A

Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside

32
Q

Swimming path for the sperm

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Cervix
  3. Uterus
  4. Oviduct
33
Q

Fertilization

A

Egg = half the genetic information
+
Sperm = Half of the genetic information
=
Fertilization
(46 chromosomes) (Diploid)

34
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

35
Q

Cleavage

A

The several mitotic divisions that the fertilized egg undergoes while traveling through the oviduct

36
Q

After a few days of traveling through the oviduct, the egg is a ball of cells called…

A

Blastocyst

37
Q

Within a week the egg implants itself in the thickened, spongey uterine wall called:

A

Implantation

38
Q

Gestation

A

-9 months of offspring growth

39
Q

Weeks 0-8: A developing human that is called…

A

An embryo

40
Q

Weeks 9-36: The developing human is called…

A

A fetus

41
Q

Placenta

A

-Materials like Oxygen/nutrients exchanged between mother and baby through the placenta
-Embryo connected to the placenta by umbilical cord

42
Q

1st Trimester:

A

-4 weeks the heart is beating
-Zygote develops into a fetus at 8 weeks
-Limbs develop by week 8

43
Q

Environmental factors that are risks to pregnancy

A

-Inadequate diet
-Alcohol/drugs
-Toxins (such as caffeine)
-Infections

44
Q

Ultrasound

A

-Using ultrasonic waves to take pictures

45
Q

Amniocentesis

A

A long needle used to remove amniotic fluid during month 4

46
Q

Karyotopes

A

A photograph/diagram of homologous chromosomes
-Detects abnormalities

47
Q

2nd trimester (months 4-6)

A

-Fetus grows rapidly
-Mothers abdomen enlarges
-Baby begins to move
-Sex organs become present

48
Q

3rd trimester

A

-Continual rapid fetal growth
-Digestive system begins to function
-Kidneys begin to produce urine
-Brain begins to undergo sleeping and waking

49
Q

Birth

A

Muscular contractions controlled by the hormone oxytocin that will force the baby out of the uterus

50
Q

Labor

A

-Uterus contracts rhythmically
2. Amniotic sac breaks
3. Cervix dilates to 10 cm

51
Q

Delivery

A
  1. Using abdominal muscles baby is forced out of the vagina head first
52
Q

What happens after birth?

A

-Placenta is delivered out of the body
-Mammary glands start producing milk

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