Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Best Review On The Planet > BIO UNIT 5 > Flashcards

BIO UNIT 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

The change of species over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Evolution over time

A

-Organisms became more complicated
-Some organisms survived
-Some went extinct because they couldn’t adapt and change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic Theory of Biological Evolution

A

-Earth’s present day species developed from earlier, distinctly different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does evolution happen?

A

Gradual changes in organisms through time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why did organisms evolve over time? (4 reasons)

A
  • Potential increase in species amount
    -Genetic variability from mutations + recombination of genes
    -Finite resources
    -Natural selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is individual change?

A

-Changes that occur during the lifetime of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is evolutionary change?

A

-Changes in the genes of an organism that causes changes in structure, function or behavior
-Mainly through mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Charles Bonnet’s Theory

A

-Hypothesized that major catastrophes occurred on earth
-Then new life began
-New life was better than the last life

WRONG!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lamarck’s Theory

A

-Organisms strive to improve themselves
-Body structures that are used will develop, the unused waste away
-Structures inherited by offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

August Weismann

A

-Proved Lamarck wrong
-Cut off tails of mice for 22 generations
-Always produced normal tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Charles Darwin- 5 discoverings

A

-Geological forces are slow processes
-Not all offspring can survive because resources run out
-There must be competition between food, water, and space
-Winners survive and reproduce
-Parents with desirable characteristics raise desirable characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 Elements of natural selection

A
  1. There is variation within populations
  2. Some variations are favorable
  3. More young are produced in each generation that can survive
  4. Those that survive and reproduce are those with an adapted value/variation
  5. Over enormous spans of time, small changes accumulate and populations change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was Charles Darwin’s theory called

A

Natural Selection
The environment causes change
-There is variation amongst individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Natural Selection leads to….

A

-Changing proportions of individuals with a certain trait amongst a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of things that can evolve?

A

-Structures
-Functions
-Behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 4 pieces of evidence do we have for the Theory of Evolution?

A
  1. Fossil records of ancient life forms
  2. Molecular similarities
  3. Structural similarities
  4. Comparative Embryology (embryos of similar organisms develop in similar ways)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vestigial structures

A

Inherited but unused structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Homologous structures

A

-Characteristics inherited from common ancestors

19
Q

Biological Species Definition

A
  • An interbreeding population of organisms that can produce healthy and fertile offspring
20
Q

Why is every organism its own species?

A
  • They each have a NICHE- an organisms role in their environment
21
Q

Biodiversity

A

Evolutionary processes lead to speciation, which ultimately creates a diversity of different life forms which create stability in ecosystem

22
Q

What did Darwin propose could be a Model of Speciation?

A

-Artificial Selection
-Selective Breeding

23
Q

What causes speciation?

A

-Natural selection
-Sexual selection
-Geographic isolation

24
Q

What happens to those that do not evolve when faced with environmental change?

A

-EXTINCTION

25
Q

Selective Breeding and Artificial Selection

A

-Artificial selection of qualities within an organism; then the breeding of that organism to pass those qualities onto the next generation

26
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

-Two names for each organism:
Genus name and Species name

27
Q

Rules of Binomial Nomenclature

A
  1. Genus name placed first and is capitalized
  2. Typed in italics, handwriting is underlined
  3. Genus name may be abbreviated with a single uppercase letter
28
Q

Why not use simple common names?

A

-Common names vary from place to place
-False information

29
Q

Taxon

A

-A category into which related organisms are placed

30
Q

Taxonomy

A

-Field of biology that deals with classifying organisms

31
Q

Traditional Classification

A

-Established by Carolus Linnaeus
-He believed all creatures created at once
-7 groups

32
Q

Linnaeus System

A

-Based on structural similarities between organisms
-Latin based (descriptive native language)

33
Q

What was Linnaeus’ system like?

A

-Based on a hierarchy: ranked categories from broadest to the most specific taxa

34
Q

Modern Classification

A
  • 3 Domain Classification system
35
Q

3 domains

A

-Bacteria
-Archaea
-Eucarya

36
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

-A tool used for identifying unfamiliar organisms

37
Q

How does a Dichotomous Key work?

A

-Lists observable traits that eventually lead to the name of the organism

38
Q

Phylogenetic Systematics/ Cladistics

A

-Recognizes groups of organisms that are related by common ancestor

39
Q

Problems with traditional classifications

A

-Structural characteristics can give false impressions
-New techniques like molecular similarities aren’t accounted for
-Classification does not indicate common ancestors and evolution

40
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

-Groups organisms together who share a common heritage based on shared ancestral characters

41
Q

Branches, nodes, and tips

A

Branch= single group of organisms through time
Node= Point in the tree of a common ancestor; where branching occurs
-Tip = taxon (different groups)

42
Q

Phylogenetic Trees are hypotheses….

A

-Scientists use structural features, molecular data, and behavioral traits to reconstruct evolutionary history

43
Q

Natural selection

A

-Charles Darwin’s idea
- Organisms have variation, so there will be “winners” and “losers”
- Losers die and winners get to reproduce, which they over-do, and pass on their genetic variations to the next generation over a given amount of time

The Best Review On The Planet (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions